带植入腓肠神经的游离骨间背皮瓣修复指腹皮肤缺损

目的探讨带植入腓肠神经的骨间背游离皮瓣修复指腹皮肤缺损,同时吻接植入神经重建指腹感觉功能的可行性。方法对11例(11指)指腹创面在未能带有前臂后侧皮神经的游离骨间背皮瓣皮下植入腓肠神经,然后移植修复指腹创面,同时吻接植入神经重建指腹感觉功能。结果 11例(11指)指腹创面均修复中皮瓣切取面积最小2 cm×1 cm,最大4 cm×3.8 cm。术后随访12~24个月,11例皮瓣均成活,感觉功能得到较好修复。结论带有植入腓肠神经的游离骨间背皮瓣既能修复指腹创面,同时吻接植入神经能重建指腹感觉功能,效果满意。     

Test atmospheres of diisocyanates with special reference to controlled exposure of humans

Summary An all glass apparatus for the generation of air concentrations of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was deveoped. The generation principle was based on gas-phase permeation with permeation membranes of silicon rubber. In an 8 m³ stainless steel test chamber, low and steady TDI- and HDI atmospheres (1-100 μg/m³) could be maintained. The diisocyanate concentrations were determined by an HPLC method, using the 9-(N-methylaminomethyl)-anthracene reagent utilizing UV detection. The sum of diisocyanates and their related amines were determined by sampling in 0.4M hydrochloric acid solution, and analysis by capillary gas chromatography with thermionic specific detection. Related amines were determined by sampling in ethanol — 0.2% KOH and analysis on GC-TSD. A continuous band-tape monitor was used for the determination of diisocyanates. Losses of diisocyanates in the test chamber were evaluated by measuring the TDI and HDI concentrations at the inlet respectively the outlet of the test chamber. At the outlet of the test chamber, ca 25% of the TDI respectively HDI concentrations were recovered. With a male subject in the test chamber ca 15% of the HDI concentration was recovered. The air flow through the test chamber was ca 10 M³ /h. The changes in isomeric composition of airborne TDI, at stopped flow conditions, showed that the decay of the 2,4-isomer was faster than of the 2,6-isomer. No trace of the related amine toluene diamine (TDA) was detected in the test chamber, at TDI concentrations ranging from 20 to 50 μg/m³. Sampling losses due to sampling connections were evaluated. No losses for TDI and HDI were obtained with 150 mm impinger tubings of glass, teflon or stainless steel. Sampling losses ranging from ca 30 to 80% for TDI and ca 35 to 65% for HDI, were caused by tubings of silicone rubber, latex, polypropene and polyvinylchloride.     

Dysregulated microRNA expression in rheumatoid arthritis families—a comparison between rheumatoid arthritis patients,their first-degree relatives,and healthy controls

Objective

Recent studies have demonstrated an altered expression of certain microRNAs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as their first-degree relatives (FDRs) compared to healthy controls (HCs), suggesting a role of microRNA in the progression of the disease. To corroborate this, a set of well-characterized RA families originating from northern Sweden were analyzed for differential expression of a selected set of microRNAs.

Method

MicroRNA was isolated from frozen peripheral blood cells obtained from 21 different families and included 26 RA patients, 22 FDRs, and 21 HCs. Expression of the selected microRNAs miR-22-3p, miR-26b-5p, miR-34a-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155, miR-346, and miR-451a was determined by a two-step quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical analysis including clinical variables was applied.

Results

Out of the nine selected microRNAs that previously have been linked to RA, we confirmed four after adjusting for age and gender, i.e., miR-22-3p (p?=?0.020), miR-26b-5p (p?=?0.018), miR-142-3p (p?=?0.005), and miR-155 (p?=?0.033). Moreover, a significant trend with an intermediate microRNA expression in FDR was observed for the same four microRNAs. In addition, analysis of the effect of corticosteroid use showed modulation of miR-103a-3p expression.

Conclusions

We confirm that microRNAs seem to be involved in the development of RA, and that the expression pattern in FDR is partly overlapping with RA patients. The contribution of single microRNAs in relation to the complex network including all microRNAs and other molecules is still to be revealed.

Physical activity but not energy expenditure is reduced in obese adolescents: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: The influence of physical activity on body weight in children and adolescents is controversial. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the hypothesis that the intensity and duration of physical activity differ between obese and normal-weight adolescents, with no difference in estimated energy expenditure. DESIGN: We compared physical activity in 18 (8 males, 10 females) obese [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) > 30] adolescents (14-19 y) with that in a matched, normal-weight (BMI < 27) control group. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured with the doubly labeled water method, and physical activity was measured simultaneously by accelerometry. The physical activity level was determined as the ratio of TEE to the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and activity energy expenditure as 0.9 TEE minus RMR. Accelerometry data included total physical activity (counts x min(-1) x d(-1)), accumulated and continuous duration of activity, and continuous 10-min periods of physical activity of moderate intensity. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in adjusted (analysis of covariance) TEE, RMR, or AEE between groups. The physical activity level was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the obese group. No sex x group interaction was observed. Differences in total physical activity (P < 0.001), accumulated time (P < 0.05), continuous time (P < 0.01), and continuous 10-min periods of physical activity of moderate intensity (P < 0.01) were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Obese adolescents are less physically active than are normal-weight adolescents, but physical activity-related energy expenditure is not significantly different between groups. The data suggest that physical activity is not necessarily equivalent to the energy costs of activity.     

Test atmospheres of diisocyanates with special reference to controlled exposure of humans

An all glass apparatus for the generation of air concentrations of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was developed. The generation principle was based on gas-phase permeation with permeation membranes of silicon rubber. In an 8 m3 stainless steel test chamber, low and steady TDI-and HDI atmospheres (1-100 micrograms/m3) could be maintained. The diisocyanate concentrations were determined by an HPLC method, using the 9-(N-methylaminomethyl)-anthracene reagent utilizing UV detection. The sum of diisocyanates and their related amines were determined by sampling in 0.4 M hydrochloric acid solution, and analysis by capillary gas chromatography with thermionic specific detection. Related amines were determined by sampling in ethanol - 0.2% KOH and analysis on GC-TSD. A continuous band-tape monitor was used for the determination of diisocyanates. Losses of diisocyanates in the test chamber were evaluated by measuring the TDI and HDI concentrations at the inlet respectively the outlet of the test chamber. At the outlet of the test chamber, ca 25% of the TDI respectively HDI concentrations were recovered. With a male subject in the test chamber ca 15% of the HDI concentration was recovered. The air flow through the test chamber was ca 10 m3/h. The changes in isomeric composition of airborne TDI, at stopped flow conditions, showed that the decay of the 2,4-isomer was faster than of the 2,6-isomer. No trace of the related amine toluene diamine (TDA) was detected in the test chamber, at TDI concentrations ranging from 20 to 50 micrograms/m3. Sampling losses due to sampling connections were evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

蛇舌草抗癌成分研究

从蛇舌草碎粉的乙醇提取物中分离得到三萜类、香豆素类、多糖类和甾醇类。经抗肿瘤动物试验结果：三萜类抗肿瘤效果最优，甾醇类为无效部分。     

游离股前外侧皮瓣桥接修复四肢皮肤血管缺损

目的：探讨应用游离股前外侧皮瓣桥接修复创面及血管的临床疗效。方法：10例四肢皮肤血管缺损患者进行游离股前外侧皮瓣桥接修复,观察患者的疗效和并发症。结果：10例皮瓣均成活,患肢血运良好,术后功能恢复满意。结论：游离股前外侧皮瓣具有诸多优点,值得临床推广。     

藕节中3－表白桦脂酸的分离与鉴定

从藕节碎粉的乙醇提取物的苯样品中分离得到两个三萜类化合物，其中一个经波谱分析（ＩＲ、ＭＳ、~１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、~（１３）Ｃ－ＮＭＲ）及化学方法鉴定为３－表白桦脂酸（３－ｅｐｉｂｅｔｕｌｉｎｉｃａｃｉｄ）。另一个三萜类化合物因得量较少，待进一步鉴定。     

Nanostructured diatom earth SiO2 negative electrodes with superior electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries

Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a naturally occurring silica source constituted by fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled algae, which exhibits a complex hierarchically nanostructured porous silica network. In this work, we analyze the positive effects of reducing DE SiO₂ particles to the sub-micrometer level and implementing an optimized carbon coating treatment to obtain DE SiO₂ anodes with superior electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries. Pristine DE with an average particle size of 17 μm is able to deliver a specific capacity of 575 mA h g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at a constant current of 100 mA g⁻¹, and reducing the particle size to 470 nm enhanced the reversible specific capacity to 740 mA h g⁻¹. Ball-milled DE particles were later subjected to a carbon coating treatment involving the thermal decomposition of a carbohydrate precursor at the surface of the particles. Coated ball-milled silica particles reached stable specific capacities of 840 mA h g⁻¹ after 100 cycles and displayed significantly improved rate capability, with discharge specific capacities increasing from 220 mA h g⁻¹ (uncoated ball-milled SiO₂) to 450 mA h g⁻¹ (carbon coated ball-milled SiO₂) at 2 A g⁻¹. In order to trigger SiO₂ reactivity towards lithium, all samples were subjected to an electrochemical activation procedure prior to electrochemical testing. XRD measurements on the activated electrodes revealed that the initial crystalline silica was completely converted to amorphous phases with short range ordering, therefore evidencing the effective role of the activation procedure.

Diatomaceous earth SiO₂ anodes with superior electrochemical performance are obtained by ball milling, carbon coating and electrochemical activation of SiO₂ particles.