全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1499篇 |
免费 | 83篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 14篇 |
儿科学 | 63篇 |
妇产科学 | 77篇 |
基础医学 | 164篇 |
口腔科学 | 41篇 |
临床医学 | 98篇 |
内科学 | 258篇 |
皮肤病学 | 73篇 |
神经病学 | 65篇 |
特种医学 | 73篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 247篇 |
综合类 | 30篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 112篇 |
眼科学 | 34篇 |
药学 | 111篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 125篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 70篇 |
2020年 | 54篇 |
2019年 | 56篇 |
2018年 | 86篇 |
2017年 | 51篇 |
2016年 | 65篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 95篇 |
2013年 | 87篇 |
2012年 | 117篇 |
2011年 | 101篇 |
2010年 | 65篇 |
2009年 | 58篇 |
2008年 | 59篇 |
2007年 | 55篇 |
2006年 | 44篇 |
2005年 | 54篇 |
2004年 | 41篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 24篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1972年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1590条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
M A el-Barrawy S A Hafez S A Mokhtar M A Abou Rayan 《The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association》1991,66(1-2):279-289
This study evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen. Twenty seven of the 35 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis had positive serology with an antibody titre of 10 nineteen of them had positive serology with an antibody titre of 100. All the 27 patients with positive serology were either smear or culture positive or both. Twenty six of the 35 control group had negative serology and 9 had positive serology with an antibody titre of 10. The test has a sensitivity of 77.14% and a specificity of 74.29%. 相似文献
3.
Rania M Seliem Jonathan K Freeman Richard H Steingart Robert P Hasserjian 《Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology》2006,14(1):18-23
Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that recognizes the CD20 antigen and is used to treat B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Few studies have been published examining the use of antibody panels to evaluate B-NHL treated with rituximab. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of immunophenotypic changes and clinical outcome in 18 patients with B-NHL following rituximab therapy. The intensity of CD20 expression was evaluated by flow cytometry and/or immunohistochemistry, before and after rituximab therapy; the latter samples were taken 5 to 12 months after initiating rituximab therapy (median 7 months). Nine of the 18 patients (50%) achieved complete or partial clinical remission and did not have morphologic evidence of lymphoma in the post-therapy samples. The other nine patients (50%) had persistent disease. Two patterns of CD20 expression were noted in the post-therapy samples: unchanged expression of CD20 in neoplastic cells (4/9 cases) and loss of or a significant decrease in detected CD20 expression in neoplastic cells (5/9 cases). These results show that in many cases of B-NHL persisting after rituximab therapy, CD20 expression decreases or is lost, raising the possibility of deletion or expression modulation of the CD20 gene in neoplastic cells. This study also underscores the importance of using a panel of antibodies to evaluate rituximab-treated B-NHL. 相似文献
4.
Chorneyko K Giesler R Sabatino D Ross C Lobo F Shuhaibar H Chen V Elavathil L Denardi F Ansari S Salama S LeBlanc V Norman G Sheridan B Riddell R 《American journal of clinical pathology》2002,117(5):783-790
Telepathology (TP) uses telecommunication linkages to electronically capture, store, retrieve, and transmit images to distant sites. We assessed the feasibility of a dynamic real-time TP system for light microscopic (LM) diagnosis of anatomic pathology specimens, including frozen sections. Six pathologists, in 2 separate periods, read a set of 160 retrospectively retrieved slides (80 of which were frozen sections) by TP and LM. Reading times were recorded. Diagnoses were compared with the reference diagnosis (established by a group of 5 independent pathologists) and graded on a scale of 0 to 2 (2, correct; 1, incorrect but no clinical impact; 0, incorrect with clinical impact). Overall, LM was more accurate than TP compared with the reference diagnosis (score, 1.68 vs 1.54). There was no difference in accuracy between frozen section and paraffin-embedded tissue. Intraobserver agreement ranged from 82.5% to 88.2%. The average reading time was 6.0 minutes for TP and 1.4 minutes for LM. During the study, reading time decreased for TP but not for LM. These results show that despite marginally lower accuracy and longer reading times, TP isfeasible for routine light microscopic diagnosis, including frozen sections. 相似文献
5.
Chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus frequency in nurses occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
Anwar Wagida A.; Salama Somaia I.; Serafy Mostafa M.EI; Hemida Samia A.; Hafez Ahmed S. 《Mutagenesis》1994,9(4):315-317
In this study, we evaluated the effect of low level occupationalexposure of nurses in a medical oncology unit in Cairo, Egypt,to anticancer drugs. Twenty nurses who constantly handled thesedrugs and 20 controls, matched according to age and sex, wereexamined. Metaphase chromosomes were studied. Percentages ofmetaphases with chromosomal aberrations were significantly higher(P < 0.001) in the exposed group (6.1 ± 2.7) versusthe controls (2.6 ± 1.6). The detected chromosomal aberrationswere in the form of chromatid gaps, chromatid breaks and acentricfragments. Micronucleated peripheral blood lymphocytes werealso analyzed in cytochalasin B treated binucleated lymphocytes.There was significant increase in cells with micronuclei (P< 0.001) in nurses (10.05 ± 4.71) in comparison tothe matched control (5.42 ± 2.22) (P < 0.001). Nursesexposed to the cytotoxic drugs for 相似文献
6.
Evaluation of {beta}-endorphin and interleukin-6 in seminal plasma of patients with certain andrological diseases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zalata Adel; Hafez Tarek; Van Hoecke Marie Jose; Comhaire Frank 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1995,10(12):3161-3165
Human semen contains large amounts of opioid peptides and cytokines.We have measured the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 in140 semen samples and of -endorphinin 77 semen samples. Themedian concentration of endorphinin seminal plasma from normozoospermicmen(n = 23) was 154.7 pg/ml (10th90th percentiles, 42.0774.6),and there was no significant difference in the -endorphin concentrationamong normozoospermic, oligozoospermic (n= 28), asthenozoospermic(n= 15), azoospermic(n= 4) and post-vasectomy (n= 7) samples.There was no correlation between -endorphin concentration andsperm characteristics, nor with blood hormones. Endorphinconcentration was lower in cases with immunelogical infertility,as revealed by a positive direct mixedantiglobulin reactiontest (n = 12) ( > 0.01), than inmatched controls. The medianconcentration of IL-6 insamples with normal sperm concentration,motility andmorphology with or without white blood cells (n=39) was 26.1 pg/ml (10th90th percentiles, 7.3172.3),and there was no significant difference in the IL-6 concentrationamong normozoospermic, oligozoospermic (n= 46),asthenozoospermic(n= 32), azoospermic (n= 13) and post-vasectomy (n= 10) samples.The IL-6 concentration was significantly higher in cases ofvaricocele (n= 22)without white blood cells in semen (P <0.001) than in matched controls without varicocele (n= 23).In addition, the IL-6 concentration was elevated (P < 0.0001)in cases with accessory sex gland inflammation (n= 40). IL-6concentration was positively correlated with white blood cellsin semen (n= 60, r = 0.59, P < 0.0001), but there was nocorrelation with -endorphin concentration. The IL-6 concentrationchosen to differentiate between cases with and without accessorygland inflammation was 45.3 pg/ml, with a specificity of 80.6%and a sensitivity of 92.5%. It is concluded that -endorphinin seminal plasma playsan immune suppressive role, and thatincreased IL-6 concentration may be related to testicular dysfunctionincases with varicocele. Furthermore, IL-6 is an accurate markerof accessory sex gland inflammation. 相似文献
7.
Pande Apurva Lamba Nayan Mammi Marco Gebrehiwet Paulos Trenary Alyssa Doucette Joanne Papatheodorou Stefania Bunevicius Adomas Smith Timothy R. Mekary Rania A. 《Neurosurgical review》2021,44(3):1227-1241
Neurosurgical Review - Treatment options for hydrocephalus include endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). Some ambiguity remains regarding indications, safety,... 相似文献
8.
Rania El Fekih James Hurley Vasisht Tadigotla Areej Alghamdi Anand Srivastava Christine Coticchia John Choi Hazim Allos Karim Yatim Juliano Alhaddad Siawosh Eskandari Philip Chu Albana B. Mihali Isadora T. Lape Mauricio P. Lima Filho Bruno T. Aoyama Anil Chandraker Kassem Safa James F. Markmann Leonardo V. Riella Richard N. Formica Johan Skog Jamil R. Azzi 《Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN》2021,32(4):994
BackgroundDeveloping a noninvasive clinical test to accurately diagnose kidney allograft rejection is critical to improve allograft outcomes. Urinary exosomes, tiny vesicles released into the urine that carry parent cells’ proteins and nucleic acids, reflect the biologic function of the parent cells within the kidney, including immune cells. Their stability in urine makes them a potentially powerful tool for liquid biopsy and a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for kidney-transplant rejection.MethodsUsing 192 of 220 urine samples with matched biopsy samples from 175 patients who underwent a clinically indicated kidney-transplant biopsy, we isolated urinary exosomal mRNAs and developed rejection signatures on the basis of differential gene expression. We used crossvalidation to assess the performance of the signatures on multiple data subsets.ResultsAn exosomal mRNA signature discriminated between biopsy samples from patients with all-cause rejection and those with no rejection, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98), which is significantly better than the current standard of care (increase in eGFR AUC of 0.57; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.65). The exosome-based signature’s negative predictive value was 93.3% and its positive predictive value was 86.2%. Using the same approach, we identified an additional gene signature that discriminated patients with T cell–mediated rejection from those with antibody-mediated rejection (with an AUC of 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.97). This signature’s negative predictive value was 90.6% and its positive predictive value was 77.8%.ConclusionsOur findings show that mRNA signatures derived from urinary exosomes represent a powerful and noninvasive tool to screen for kidney allograft rejection. This finding has the potential to assist clinicians in therapeutic decision making. 相似文献
9.
10.
Choi RY Lucarelli MJ Imesch PD Hafez GR Albert DM Dortzbach RK 《Arch. Ophthalmol.》1999,117(4):535-537
A 43-year-old woman had unilateral exophthalmos caused by primary orbital Ewing sarcoma. Specialized immunohistochemical stains, primarily MIC-2 (CD99), aided in the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma. Twenty-two months after radiotherapy and multiagent chemotherapy, the patient remained tumor free. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of orbital Ewing sarcoma to present in an adult beyond the fourth decade of life. 相似文献