Influence of micro/nanobubbles on clogging in drip irrigation systems

Drip emitter clogging is closely related to the presence of particulate matter, nutrients, organic matter and microorganisms in irrigation water and severely restricts the performance, service life and popularization of drip irrigation systems. Micro/nanobubbles can effectively remove suspended particles in water, limit microbial activity, and significantly increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water to promote crop growth. However, the effects of micro/nanobubbles on drip emitter clogging remain to be studied. Thus, taking micro/nanoaerated drip irrigation as the research object, five different types of emitters were selected, and the clogging characteristics of the different types of emitters under micro/nanoaerated conditions were studied by performing an emitter clogging test. The influence of emitter clogging on the uniformity of the irrigation provided by the micro/nanoaerated drip system was explored. The results showed that emitter clogs developed gradually and that the clogging developed slowly at the early stage of irrigation. When a slight clogging occurred, the emitter clogged rapidly, resulting in severe or even complete clogging. The cylindrical emitters had the worst anti-clogging performance among the tested emitters, while the emitters with no pressure compensation function and high rated flows had the better performance. Micro/nanoaeration had a significant effect on emitter clogging and increased the normal working times of the E1, E2, E3, E4 and E5 emitters by 38%, 20%, 30%, 28% and 130%, respectively. In addition, micro/nanoaeration reduced the sensitivity of the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (Cu) and the statistical uniformity coefficient (Us) in the drip system to the discharge ratio variation (Dra) and enhanced the stability of the uniformity coefficients of the drip system. Therefore, micro/nanoaeration can help to inhibit clog development in emitters, extend the service life of emitters, and maintain good uniformity in drip irrigation systems. The results of this paper provide a theoretical reference for revealing the clogging mechanisms of micro/nanoaerated drip irrigation emitters and provide theoretical support for the efficient operation of micro/nanoaerated drip irrigation systems.

Drip emitter clogging is closely related to the presence of particulate matter, nutrients, organic matter and microorganisms in irrigation water and severely restricts the performance, service life and popularization of drip irrigation systems.     

Integrated Chinese and western medicine for SLE: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:The efficacy and safety of integrated Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) have not been systematically evaluated.Methods:This systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We will search PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database WangFang, VIP, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for potentially eligible studies from their inception to Dec. 2020, and we will select all the eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the integrated Chinese and western medicine for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. All the studies will be screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and meta-analysis will be conducted using Review Manager V.5.3. and Stata V.12.0. The primary endpoint was the clinical efficacy rate, the secondary outcomes were SLEDAI score, adverse reaction rate, and laboratory test parameters (white blood cells, complement C3).Results:The results of this study will systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the integrated Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.Conclusion:The efficacy and safety of integrated Chinese and western medicine will be systematically evaluated in this paper, thus providing evidence for the clinical application of this therapy.Ethics and dissemination:This study is a systematic review, which is based on the published studies, so examination and agreement by the ethics committee are not required in this study. We intend to publish the study results in a journal or conference presentations.Open Science Framework (OSF)registration number:https://osf.io/mabxh.     

大鼠心血管系统中Ⅱ型磷脂酶A2 mRNA表达及cDNA克隆

目的：探讨Ⅱ型磷脂酶A2（PLA2）mRNA在正常大鼠心血管系统中的分布情况,研究其基因和氨基酸顺序结构的特征,了解与心血管疾病有密切关系的PLA2。方法：从大鼠血、心肌、主动脉弓、下腔静脉近心段、腹主动脉和下腔静脉腹腔段的组织匀浆中提取总RNA,合成第一链cDNA,利用PCR扩增大鼠Ⅱ型PLA2 mRNA,并对大鼠腹主动脉的PLA2 cDNA进行克隆和序列分析。结果：在所检测的几个心血管系统组织中均能测到Ⅱ型PLA2 mRNA,大鼠腹主动脉的DNA和氨基酸结构与其他组织来源的PLA2有高度同源性。结论：Ⅱ型PLA2广泛存在心血管系统中,Ⅱ型PLA2 mRNA在血液和主动脉弓中的表达较高,提示这可能是一种有益的选择性表达,发挥着潜在的宿主防御细菌感染功能。     

Protective effects of muscone on ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac myocytes

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Musk has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine as the main ingredient of many formulations for the treatment of chest pain and angina pectoris.

Aim of the study

To investigate the protective effects of muscone (the active ingredient of musk) on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by hypoxia and low glucose in primary cultured rat cardiac myocytes.

Materials and methods

Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion in media, with or without muscone. Cell viability, release of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, creatine kinase (CK) and caspase-3 activities, as well as intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentrations, were measured. Cellular apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were assessed by flow cytometry, and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins was assessed by Western blotting.

Results

Following the exposure of cardiac myocytes to ischemia-reperfusion, there was a marked decrease in pulsating frequency, cell viability, SOD activity, MMP, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein, accompanied by increased LDH release, MDA production, CK and caspase-3 activities, intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentrations, rate of apoptosis, and expression of Bax protein. Pretreatment with muscone (0.215, 0.43, 0.86 μg/mL) prior to I/R injury significantly attenuated the above changes.

Conclusion

Muscone has a protective effect against I/R injury in cardiac myocytes, indicating that muscone may potentially provide therapeutic benefit in I/R injury by inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis.     

血液灌流联合血液滤过对急性有机磷农药中毒患者的心脏保护作用研究

目的探讨血液灌流(HP)联合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)对急性有机磷农药中毒(AOPP)患者的心脏保护作用和心功能影响。方法以81例重症AOPP并中毒性心肌炎患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组40例,给予常规内科治疗+HP;治疗组41例,给予常规内科治疗和HP+CVVH。观察两组患者治疗开始前及治疗24 h、48 h、72 h,各时间点左心室射血分数(LVEF)、B型脑钠肽(BNP)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)及机械通气天数和病死率的差异。结果 (1)两组患者治疗前LVEF[(47.6±9.9)%vs.(47.4±10.1)%,P>0.05]、BNP[(516.3±285.4)pg/L vs.(534.4±301.9)pg/L,P>0.05]及cTnI[(0.61±0.26)ng/ml vs.(0.58±0.23)ng/ml,P>0.05]比较均无统计学差异,组间有可比性。(2)治疗组较对照组,治疗后各时间点LVEF均增大[(52.8±7.5)%vs.(47.6±8.4)%,(55.2±5.2)%vs.(50.9±7.2)%,(60.1±6.4)%vs.(53.6±5.4)%,均P<0.05],BNP均减小[(321.7±182.8)pg/L vs.(495.9±269.9)pg/L,(254.7±117.8)pg/L vs.(382.7±167.5)pg/L,(125.4±62.7)vs.(293.8±121.1)pg/L,均P<0.05],cTnI均减小[(2.16±0.48)ng/ml vs.(2.79±0.36)ng/ml,(5.37±3.79)ng/ml vs.(8.35±4.51)ng/ml,(3.01±1.26)ng/ml vs.(8.41±5.45)ng/ml,P<0.05],差异有统计学意义。(3)治疗组治疗后各时间点与治疗前比较,LVEF均增大[(52.8±7.5)%、(55.2±5.2)%、(60.1±6.4)%vs.(47.6±9.9)%,均P<0.01],BNP均减小[(321.7±182.8)pg/L、(254.7±117.8)pg/L、(125.4±62.7)pg/L vs.(516.3±285.4)pg/L,均P<0.01],差异有统计学意义。(4)对照组治疗后24 h与治疗前比较,LVEF、BNP均无统计学差异;治疗后48 h、72 h与治疗前比较,LVEF均增大[(50.9±7.2)%、(53.6±5.4)%vs.(47.4±10.1)%,均P<0.05],BNP均减小[(382.7±167.5)pg/L、(293.8±121.1)pg/L vs.(534.4±301.9)pg/L,均P<0.01],差异有统计学意义。(5)治疗组较对照组机械通气时间缩短[(7.4±2.9)d vs.(10.7±4.1)d,P=0.001],病死率下降(12.2%vs.30.0%,P=0.048)。结论 HP联合CVVH能够减轻AOPP的心肌损伤,改善心功能,缩短机械通气时间,降低病死率,改善患者预后。     

The efficacy and safety of tiotropium in Chinese patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis

Background and objective: Tiotropium is the only long‐acting inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator currently available in China, but information about its clinical effect in this population is limited. This meta‐analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of tiotropium in Chinese patients with stable COPD. Methods: An electronic search of the literature was undertaken to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of tiotropium in Chinese patients, which were then assessed for inclusion in a meta‐analysis. The efficacy and safety of tiotropium was compared with placebo and ipratropium, using the outcomes of FEV₁, FEV₁%, symptoms, frequency of exacerbations, adverse events and safety. Results: Eleven RCTs recruiting 1006 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Compared with both placebo and ipratropium, tiotropium significantly improved FEV₁[weighted mean difference (WMD) = 304 mL, 95% CI 271–337], FEV₁% (WMD = 8.35%, 95% CI 5.40–11.31) and symptoms [relative risk (RR) = 2.00, 95% CI 1.61–2.49]. Tiotropium significantly reduced the risk of exacerbations (RR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.54) compared with placebo, and there was a non‐significant reduction in the risk of exacerbations compared with ipratropium (RR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.13–3.75). Tiotropium was well tolerated with a similar safety profile to placebo and ipratropium (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.76–1.77, P = 0.49). Conclusions: Tiotropium improved pulmonary function and symptoms, reduced exacerbations and was well tolerated and safe. On the basis of its efficacy and safety profile, tiotropium appears to be a reasonable first‐line choice for the management of Chinese patients with stable COPD. Additional long‐term RCTs are required to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of tiotropium.     

大型综合性医院药剂科设置专职秘书模式探讨

大型综合性医院药剂科部门多、工作面宽,为加强科室规范化管理,成都军区昆明总医院药剂科设置了专职秘书,经过多年的实践,已形成了一套成熟的药剂科专职秘书工作模式。专职秘书为科室减少了大量的事务性工作,促进了科室的可持续发展。1现状大型综合性医院药剂科工作面宽且内容多,导致学术/学科带头人每天要处理很多事务性工作,如每月的考勤报表、医德医风调查表、政治理论学习安排等。目前国内部分医院药剂科设立了秘书,但工作侧重点有所不同,主要包括学术秘书、教学秘书、文秘等,且大多为兼职。据文献报道,四川大学华西医院率先建立了专职秘书制度,取得了较好的效果[1]。2工作模式专职秘书应以学术/学科带头人为中心,保质、保     

运用工时测定法测算某大型综合医院门诊药房人员配置

目的：通过对门诊药房工作量的系统测算得出门诊药房人员配置方案,给合理配置门诊药房人力资源作参考。方法：运用工时测定法对2013年1~4月在某院门诊药房工作的18名药学专业技术人员每日的工作内容进行跟踪观察与计时。将测算结果录入EXCEL软件建立数据库,对各个岗位的工作量进行分类汇总。将相关参数带入人力编制公式计算所需人数。结果：确定了9项门诊药房工作项目平均操作时间,对其中调配药品和发药两项操作时间进行了细化。根据工作量计算所需药师人数为13.29人,加上门诊药房组长、工勤人员,共15.29人,约16人。结论：运用工时测定法能科学的测算每项工作的耗时。门诊药房的工作人员资质、数量等应以工作量为依据合理配置。     

两种国产rhG-CSF治疗放化疗后白细胞减少最小成本分析

目的:比较两种国产重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)治疗恶性肿瘤患者经放、化疗后白细胞(WBC)减少症的最小成本分析.方法:选取恶性肿瘤放、化疗后WBC减少,并采用rhG-CSF治疗的病例94例,随机分为两组,A组采用立生素治疗,B组采用瑞白治疗,WBC升至4×109·L-1或虽未达此水平但用药已满14 d的患者,采用药物经济学最小成本分析法进行分析.结果:A、B两组成本分别为(927.0±399.0)元和(564.4±281.6)元,有统计学差异(P<0.01);总有效率分别为93.6%和91.5%,无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:两种国产rhG-CSF的疗效相当,但以B组的成本低,为治疗恶性肿瘤放、化疗后WBC减少的较佳药物.     

Efficacy and safety of fire acupuncture for psoriasis vulgaris: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Introduction:Fire acupuncture is commonly used for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris, but the efficacy and safety of fire acupuncture for psoriasis vulgaris remain unclear.Methods:This systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted and reported strictly according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Five databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, Chinese biomedical literature, and Pubmed will be retrieved for potentially eligible studies from their inception to Jan. 2021. All randomized clinical trials comparing fire acupuncture versus no fire acupuncture in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris will be retrieved and assessed for inclusion. RevMan5.3 software provided by Cochrane collaboration will be used for the analysis. Randomized Clinical Trials Data will be extracted by 2 researchers independently, risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The primary endpoint is the total effective rate, the secondary outcomes are the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score, the recurrence rate and the adverse reactions.Results:This study will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of fire acupuncture for psoriasis vulgaris. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Conclusion:This systematic review will evaluate the effects of fire acupuncture in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, thus providing evidence to the clinical application of this therapy.