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Preston Izulla Lyle R. McKinnon Julius Munyao Naomi Ireri Nico Nagelkerke Gloria Gakii Lawrence Gelmon Mabel Nangami Rupert Kaul Joshua Kimani 《AIDS and behavior》2016,20(7):1549-1555
As ART-based prevention becomes available, effectively targeting these interventions to key populations such as female sex workers (FSW) will be critical. In this study we analyze patterns of repeated post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) access in the context of a large FSW program in Nairobi. During close to 6000 person-years of follow-up, 20 % of participants (n = 1119) requested PEP at least once and 3.7 % requested PEP more than once. Repeat PEP users were younger, had a higher casual partner volume, and were more likely to use condoms with casual and regular partners, have a regular partner, and test for HIV prior to enrolment. Barriers to PEP included stigma, side effects, and lack of knowledge, suggesting repeated promotion may be required for higher rates of uptake. A small subset of FSW, potentially those with heightened risk perception, showed a higher frequency of PEP use; these individuals may be most amenable to rollout of pre-exposure prophylaxis. 相似文献
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Claudia Cicala Elena Martinelli Jonathan P. McNally Diana J. Goode Ravindra Gopaul Joseph Hiatt Katija Jelicic Shyamasundaran Kottilil Katilyn Macleod Angeline O'Shea Nikita Patel Donald Van Ryk Danlan Wei Massimiliano Pascuccio Ling Yi Lyle McKinnon Preson Izulla Joshua Kimani Rupert Kaul Anthony S. Fauci James Arthos 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2009,106(49):20877-20882
Both activated and resting CD4+ T cells in mucosal tissues play important roles in the earliest phases of infection after sexual transmission of HIV-1, a process that is inefficient. HIV-1 gp120 binds to integrin α4β7 (α4β7), the gut mucosal homing receptor. We find that α4β7high CD4+ T cells are more susceptible to productive infection than are α4β7low-neg CD4+ T cells in part because this cellular subset is enriched with metabolically active CD4+ T cells. α4β7high CD4+ T cells are CCR5high and CXCR4low; on these cells, α4β7 appears in a complex with CD4. The specific affinity of gp120 for α4β7 provides a mechanism for HIV-1 to target activated cells that are critical for efficient virus propagation and dissemination following sexual transmission. 相似文献
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