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1.
Schiffer  CA; Sanel  FT; Young  VB; Aisner  J 《Blood》1977,50(2):213-225
The effects of the cationic anesthetic agents tetracaine and lidocaine on granulocyte function, morphology, and adherence to nylon fibers were studied in an attempt to improve current methods of granulocyte collection by filtration leukapheresis (FL). When dissolved in acid- citrate-dextrose (ACD) plasma, these drugs significantly increased granulocyte elution from the fibers in a dose-related fashion. Granulocytes exposed to tetracaine and lidocaine remained more than 95% viable, retained normal bactericidal capacity after the drugs were washed from the cells, and had preserved membrane integrity, as evidenced by the normal ultrastructural appearance of tetracaine- exposed cells and an absence of leakage of lysozyme or lactic dehydrogenase. Granulocytes eluted with the anesthetic agents were rounded in shape with a reduction in the number of filopodial cytoplasmic projections and a relative absence of cytoplasmic vacuolization when compared to granulocytes eluted with ACD plasma alone. Dose-related inhibition of phagocytosis and adherence, which was largely reversible after washing the granulocytes, was noted. Greater than 95% of the lidocaine could be removed from the eluate with a single centrifugation and resuspension, indicating that granulocytes prepared by FL with anesthetic-enhanced elution could be potentially transfusable.  相似文献   
2.
We have investigated the role of platelets in regulating the hemostatic and vasomotor properties of vascular smooth muscle. Experiments were performed to examine the effect of the releasate from activated platelets on the production of nitric oxide from interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1 beta)-treated cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Treatment of vascular smooth muscle cells with IL-1 beta resulted in significant accumulation of nitrite in the culture media and in marked elevation of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) levels. The releasate from collagen-aggregated platelets blocked the IL-1 beta- mediated production of nitrite and the accumulation of cyclic GMP in smooth muscle cells in a platelet number-dependent manner. In functional assays, the perfusates from columns containing IL-1 beta- treated smooth muscle cells relaxed detector blood vessels without endothelium and the addition of IL-1 beta-treated smooth muscle cells to suspensions of platelets inhibited their thrombin-induced aggregation. The simultaneous treatment of smooth muscle cells with IL- 1 beta and the platelet releasate abolished both the vasorelaxing activities of the perfusates and the inhibition of platelet aggregation. Platelet releasates treated with a neutralizing antibody to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) failed to block IL-1 beta- induced nitric oxide production by the smooth muscle cells, as measured by both biochemical and functional assays. The platelet releasate from a patient with gray platelet syndrome likewise failed to block IL-1 beta-induced nitrite release by smooth muscle cells. These results demonstrate that platelets downregulate the production of nitric oxide by IL-1 beta-treated vascular smooth muscle cells through the release of PDGF. This effect may represent a novel mechanism by which platelets regulate vasomotor tone and thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury.  相似文献   
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Mg2GeO4 is important as an analog for the ultrahigh-pressure behavior of Mg2SiO4, a major component of planetary interiors. In this study, we have investigated magnesium germanate to 275 GPa and over 2,000 K using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell combined with in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and density functional theory (DFT) computations. The experimental results are consistent with the formation of a phase with disordered Mg and Ge, in which germanium adopts eightfold coordination with oxygen: the cubic, Th3P4-type structure. DFT computations suggest partial Mg-Ge order, resulting in a tetragonal I4¯2d structure indistinguishable from I4¯3d Th3P4 in our experiments. If applicable to silicates, the formation of this highly coordinated and intrinsically disordered phase may have important implications for the interior mineralogy of large, rocky extrasolar planets.

A large number of exoplanets have been discovered in recent years, including many planets whose mean densities indicate that they have rocky interiors that may be up to 10 times more massive than the Earth (1). There is interest in understanding the mineralogy of the deep interiors of such bodies where the pressure at the core–mantle boundary is predicted to reach up to 1 TPa (24). Theoretical calculations suggest that silicate structures with partial or complete eightfold coordination of silicon by oxygen can be stabilized above 500 GPa (4). These pressures are expected to be reached within the mantles of rocky exoplanets of ∼4 Earth masses or greater (3, 4). Phase changes with accompanying changes in cation coordination number may strongly affect the structure, dynamics, and heat flow in exoplanet interiors (1, 5).Germanates are known to be good analogs for silicates, as they undergo similar phase transitions, but at lower pressures (6, 7). For example, the perovskite (Pv) to postperovskite (pPv) transition occurs near 65 GPa in MgGeO3 (8), compared with ∼125 GPa in the corresponding silicate. Recently, a theoretical study examined ultrahigh-pressure transitions in the MgO-GeO2 system and suggested that it can be an excellent analog system for ultrahigh-pressure phase transitions in silicate minerals (9). Those calculations predicted that MgGeO3 pPv and MgO combine to form an eight-coordinated tetragonal phase of Mg2GeO4 (I4¯2d) at ∼175 GPa (9) (SI Appendix, Fig. S1). This transition pressure is experimentally accessible using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. The same transition is predicted to occur at ∼490 GPa (4) in the silicate, which is beyond the limit of conventional, static compression techniques.Here, we report laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments to pressures as high as 275 GPa and find that cubic, Th3P4-type (I4¯3d), or partially disordered I4¯2d Mg2GeO4 is synthesized under such conditions. Our computations suggest a gradual disordering from an ordered I4¯2d structure to a partially disordered structure (experimentally indistinguishable from disordered I4¯3d structure) at high temperatures. Structures containing disordered ions of very different valences, Ge4+ and Mg2+, are highly unusual but may occur in other high-pressure systems at high temperatures. The calculations also reveal the atomic structure and pressure–volume relationship of the disordered phase. The formation of the Th3P4-type or I4¯2d phase in the corresponding silicate at higher pressures would have important implications for the interior mineralogy of large, rocky extrasolar planets.  相似文献   
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5.
  • 1 The role of growth hormone (GH) in cardiac remodelling and function in chronic and persistent pressure overload‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy has not been defined. The aim of the present study was to assess short‐term GH treatment on left ventricular function and remodelling in rats with chronic pressure overload‐induced hypertrophy.
  • 2 Twenty‐six weeks after induction of ascending aortic stenosis (AAS), rats were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of recombinant human GH (1 mg/kg per day; AAS‐GH group) or saline (AAS‐P group) for 14 days. Sham‐operated animals served as controls. Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography before and after GH treatment. Myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by histological analysis.
  • 3 Before GH treatment, AAS rats presented similar left ventricular function and structure. Treatment of rats with GH after the AAS procedure did not change bodyweight or heart weight, both of which were higher in the AAS groups than in the controls. After GH treatment, posterior wall shortening velocity (PWSV) was lower in the AAS‐P group than in the control group. However, in the AAS‐GH group, PWSV was between that in the control and AAS‐P groups and did not differ significantly from either group. Fractional collagen (% of total area) was significantly higher in the AAS‐P and AAS‐GH groups compared with control (10.34 ± 1.29, 4.44 ± 1.37 and 1.88 ± 0.88%, respectively; P < 0.05) and was higher still in the AAS‐P group compared with the AAS‐GH group.
  • 4 The present study has shown that short‐term administration of GH to rats with chronic pressure overload‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy induces cardioprotection by attenuating myocardial fibrosis.
  相似文献   
6.
High-pressure experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that an iron-rich ferromagnesian silicate phase can be synthesized at the pressure-temperature conditions near the core-mantle boundary. The iron-rich phase is up to 20% denser than any known silicate at the core-mantle boundary. The high mean atomic number of the silicate greatly reduces the seismic velocity and provides an explanation to the low-velocity and ultra-low-velocity zones. Formation of this previously undescribed phase from reaction between the silicate mantle and the iron core may be responsible for the unusual geophysical and geochemical signatures observed at the base of the lower mantle.  相似文献   
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In conducting and reporting of medical research, there are some common pitfalls in using statistical methodology which may result in invalid inferences being made. This paper is aimed to highlight to inexperienced statisticians or non-statistician some of the common statistical pitfalls encountered when using statistics to interpret data in medical research. We also comment on good practices to avoid these pitfalls.  相似文献   
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