儿童隐匿性高度近视黄斑区视网膜厚度分析

目的：观察分析隐匿性高度近视儿童黄斑区视网膜厚度变化及其相关因素。

方法：前瞻性非随机对照研究。选取2019-09/2020-09在承德医学院附属医院眼科门诊首次就诊且未进行过任何近视矫正训练的儿童56例110眼纳入研究,根据儿童近视的临床表现分为隐匿性高度近视组(27例52眼)和对照组(29例58眼,普通近视儿童)。比较两组儿童黄斑各分区视网膜厚度情况,分析隐匿性高度近视儿童黄斑中心凹平均视网膜厚度与基线资料的相关性。

结果：隐匿性高度近视儿童黄斑区视网膜厚度以黄斑中心凹最薄,内环区上方最厚。隐匿性高度近视组儿童黄斑9个分区平均视网膜厚度均较对照组变薄,其中黄斑中心凹、外环区下方和颞侧处视网膜厚度有显著差异(均P<0.05)。随着隐匿性高度近视儿童屈光度的增高,黄斑各分区的平均视网膜厚度值均降低。与对照组相同屈光度儿童比较,隐匿性高度近视组除0.00D≤屈光度≤-1.00D儿童外环区颞侧、-2.00D<屈光度≤-3.00D儿童黄斑中心凹平均视网膜厚度有明显差异(均P<0.05),其余各分区平均视网膜厚度均无差异(P>0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,隐匿性高度近视儿童黄斑中心凹平均视网膜厚度与性别、年龄、眼轴、眼压、角膜曲率均无相关性(P>0.05),与屈光度呈负相关性(r=-0.201,P<0.05)。

结论：隐匿性高度近视儿童黄斑视网膜厚度以黄斑中心凹最薄,内环区上方最厚,黄斑各分区平均视网膜厚度较相应屈光度数近视儿童薄。隐匿性高度近视儿童黄斑中心凹平均视网膜厚度与屈光度呈负相关。     

Interleukin 9: A candidate gene for asthma

Asthma is a complex heritable inflammatory disorder of the airways associated with clinical signs of atopy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Recent studies localized a major gene for asthma to chromosome 5q31-q33 in humans. Thus, this segment of the genome represents a candidate region for genes that determine susceptibility to bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy in animal models. Homologs of candidate genes on human chromosome 5q31-q33 are found in four regions in the mouse genome, two on chromosome 18, and one each on chromosomes 11 and 13. We assessed bronchial responsiveness as a quantitative trait in mice and found it linked to chromosome 13. Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is located in the linked region and was analyzed as a gene candidate. The expression of IL-9 was markedly reduced in bronchial hyporesponsive mice, and the level of expression was determined by sequences within the qualitative trait locus (QTL). These data suggest a role for IL-9 in the complex pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness as a risk factor for asthma.     

骨髓间充质干细胞对实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力临床及免疫功能影响的研究

目的：探讨骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）对实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力（EAMG）临床及免疫功能的影响。方法：EAMG大鼠模型20只分为移植组（n=10）和模型对照组（n=10）,并设正常对照组（n=10）。收集从Lewis鼠骨髓中分离、培养及鉴定后的MSCs,并调至密度为1×10^6／100μL LPBS。移植组经尾静脉注入MSCs悬液100μL,模型对照组及正常对照组同期给予100μL PBS。定期对移植组和模型对照组行体重测定、Lennon临床评分以及血浆中AChRa97—116-Ab含量测定,并采用RT—PCR和ELISA法分别检测3组大鼠外周血单核细胞（PBMCs）中T-bet、GATA-3以及血浆中IFN-γ和IL-4含量。结果：移植组Lennon临床评分、AChRa97—116-Ab含量以及T—bet、GATA-3、IL-4、IFN-γ水平均较模型对照组显著降低,与正常对照组比差异无统计学意义;模型对照组T—bet与IFN-γ以及GATA-3与IL-4均呈显著正相关。结论：MSCs移植可以有效减轻EAMG症状,其可能作用机制是抑制T—bet和GATA-3表达,从而下调AChR特异性T和B细胞异常的免疫应答。     

动脉粥样硬化进程中单核/巨噬细胞的行为变化

动脉粥样硬化是由脂质引发的炎症性疾病,单核/巨噬细胞在动脉粥样硬化发生发展过程中发挥极其重要的作用。巨噬细胞吞噬脂质后成为泡沫细胞,构成动脉粥样硬化的脂质条纹和粥样斑块。过去几年中,对于单核细胞如何聚集、分化、摄取脂质及其在动脉粥样硬化中的作用有了进一步了解。单核/巨噬细胞表型和功能的复杂性提示其很可能会成为动脉粥样硬化治疗的靶点。本文就单核/巨噬细胞在动脉粥样硬化进程中的行为变化进行综述。     

DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO OXIDANT EXPOSURE IN INBRED STRAINS OF MICE: NITROGEN DIOXIDE VERSUS OZONE

The contribution of genetic background to the pathogenesis of airway responses to environmental agents including air pollutants is becoming increasingly clear. Characterization of genetic mechanisms of response to these agents may assist in the identification of susceptible individuals and populations. The primary objective of this investigation was to utilize inbred strains of mice to determine (1) whether there was significant genetic contribution in susceptibility to lung injury and inflammation induced by single and repeated acute exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and (2) whether similar genetic factors control sus- ceptibility to lung injury induced by NO2 and another oxidant, ozone (O3). Nine strains of inbred mice (male, 5-6 wk) were studied: 129/ J, A/ J, AKR/ J, BALB/ cJ, C3H/ HeJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, SJL/J, and SWR/J. Each was exposed for 3 h to filtered air (controls) or 15 ppm NO2, and cellular inflammation, epithelial injury, and cytotoxicity were measured 2, 6, and 24 h thereafter. NO2 exposure caused significant increases in cytotoxicity and lavageable macrophages, epithelial cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and protein in all strains. Interstrain variation in each of these effects indicated that genetic background contributed a significant portion of the variance in responses to this oxidant. Two strains that were differentially susceptible to 3-h exposure to 15 ppm NO2\[C57BL/6J (B6), C3H/HeJ (C3)] were also exposed for 6 h/ day to 10 ppm NO2 on 5 consecutive days. Each of the responses to NO2 was completely adapted after 5 days in resistant C3 mice. Only the lavageable total protein response was adapted in susceptible B6 mice. To determine whether mechanisms of susceptibility to NO2 and O3 were the same, each strain was exposed for 3 h to filtered air or 2 ppm O3 and inflammation was assessed 6 and 24 h thereafter. Strain distribution patterns (SDPs) for responses to each oxidant were not significantly concordant and indicated that susceptibility mechanisms were different. Results of these studies suggest that there is a strong genetic component to NO2 susceptibility that is partially adaptable and significantly different from O3 susceptibility.     

不稳定型心绞痛患者血管内皮功能与同型半胱氨酸及颈动脉内膜中膜厚度相关

目的探讨不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者血管反应性充血指数(RHI)与血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)的相关性。方法选取245例接受冠状动脉造影的患者为研究对象,冠状动脉造影阳性者中分为稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组49例和不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组131例,冠状动脉造影阴性者65例为对照组,利用Endo-PAT2000仪器采用外周动脉张力测定(PAT)技术评价血管内皮功能,计算RHI;通过超声检测患者颈动脉IMT;采用循环酶法测定Hcy水平。结果 RHI在对照组、SAP组和UAP组依次减低(1.78±0.45、1.65±0.33和1.45±0.27),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);IMT在对照组、SAP组和UAP组依次增加(分别为0.76±0.24 mm、0.90±0.31 mm、1.05±0.18 mm),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);SAP组的Hcy与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),UAP组的Hcy与对照组及SAP组相比差异均有统计学意义(17.61±6.79μmol/L比14.16±4.54μmol/L和14.31±4.53μmol/L,P0.01);UAP患者RHI与血清Hcy及颈动脉IMT均呈显著负相关(r=-0.494,r=-0.513,P0.01);通过回归分析得到UAP患者IMT(X1)、收缩压(X2)、BMI(X3)与RHI(Y)成线性回归关系。结论血管内皮功能、IMT、Hcy与冠心病患者病情相关;UAP患者RHI值与血清Hcy及IMT有明显负相关关系。     

哮喘患儿再次入院危险因素分析

目的：　研究哮喘患儿再次入院的危险因素。方法：　以近8年该院儿科因哮喘住院的289例患儿为对象,综合分析其一般情况、哮喘严重程度、临床表现、出院后治疗及首次入院后12个月内再次入院的情况等资料,筛选和分析哮喘再次入院相关危险因素。结果：　 21.8%哮喘患儿在首次入院后12个月内再次入院,24个月内升至40.1%。与再入院相关的危险因素有:年龄 (OR =4.466 ,P <0 .0 1 );既往住院次数(OR=4.256,P<0.01);哮喘严重程度(OR =1.993,P<0.01);呼吸次数 (OR =1.032,P<0.01);出院后吸入皮质激素治疗(OR =1.943,P<0.05)。结论：　年龄小于5岁、既往因哮喘住院次数较多者、哮喘程度较严重者及呼吸次数较快者,其再次入院的危险性较高,而出院后使用吸入皮质激素治疗者再次入院危险性较低     

儿童隐匿性高度近视脉络膜厚度变化及其影响因素研究进展

高度近视是一种严重危害儿童视功能的眼病,因其对眼底造成的不可逆性改变。高度近视需要早发现、早诊断、早治疗,如不及时干预可引起近视进一步加重,甚至失明。但近视的筛查经常遇到患儿近视度数不高,进一步检查发现已有高度近视眼底改变,这种隐匿性的高度近视改变在诊疗过程中极容易被忽视。本文旨在总结近视儿童脉络膜厚度变化及其影响因素文献,为隐匿性高度近视儿童临床研究提供相关证据。     

Inhibitory effect of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic on NMDA receptor-mediated current in cultured rat hippocampal neurons

The modulatory effect of Total Flavone of Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic (TFA) on NMDA-activated current (I(NMDA)) was investigated in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. TFA rapidly and reversibly inhibited the I(NMDA) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, TFA non-competitively inhibited the I(NMDA) by enhancement of the NMDA receptor desensitization. In addition, intracellular application of TFA did not alter the TFA inhibition of I(NMDA). These results suggest that the inhibition of the NMDA receptor response by TFA could be one of the mechanisms for TFA-mediated neuroprotective actions.