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1.
青蒿琥酯皮肤擦剂在小鼠和兔体内的药代动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将青蒿琥酯溶于苯二甲酸二甲酯,加适量氨酮制成皮肤擦剂。给兔脱毛后,皮肤涂抹此擦剂25mg/kg后,血药浓度达峰时间平均为2 h,峰浓度平均为1.80μg/ml。药物在兔体内平均驻留时间为3.54 h,清除半衰期约为2.46 h。给小鼠脱毛皮肤涂抹擦剂6.7,31.3和71.4 mg/kg,血药浓度在给药后0.5~4 h达高峰,峰浓度分别为0.82,2.05和7.11μg/ml,体内药物平均驻留时间为3.39,2.79及3.54 h,清除半衰期为2.35,1.93及2.45 h。可见,给兔及小鼠皮肤擦剂后,青蒿琥酯吸收良好,血药浓度维持时间较长。 相似文献
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Asimina Dominari Donald Hathaway III Abdulhusein Kapasi Trissa Paul Sarabjot Singh Makkar Valeria Castaneda Sirisha Gara Bishnu Mohan Singh Kuchalambal Agadi Maliha Butt Varadha Retnakumar Spandana Chittajallu Rahima Taugir Muhammad Khawar Sana Manish KC Sarah Razzack Niala Moallem Alina Alvarez Michael Talalaev 《World Journal of Virology》2021,10(2):34-52
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an abundantly available antioxidant with a wide range of antidotal properties currently best studied for its use in treating acetaminophen overdose. It has a robustly established safety profile with easily tolerated side effects and presents the Food and Drug Administration's approval for use in treating acetaminophen overdose patients. It has been proven efficacious in off-label uses, such as in respiratory diseases, heart disease, cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and seasonal influenza. Clinical trials have recently shown that NAC's capacity to replenish glutathione stores may significantly improve coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, especially in high risk individuals. Interestingly, individuals with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency have been shown to experience even greater benefit. The same study has concluded that NAC's ability to mitigate the impact of the cytokine storm and prevent elevation of liver enzymes, C-reactive protein, and ferritin is associated with higher success rates weaning from the ventilator and return to normal function in COVID-19 patients. Considering the background knowledge of biochemistry, current uses of NAC in clinical practice, and newly acquired evidence on its potential efficacy against COVID-19, it is worthwhile to investigate further whether this agent can be used as a treatment or adjuvant for COVID-19. 相似文献
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Tumor cells were isolated from the bone marrow of seven patients with multiple myeloma and from the peripheral blood of three patients with plasma cell leukemia using Ficoll-Hypaque (FH) density sedimentation followed by immune rosette depletion of T, myeloid, monocytoid, and natural killer (NK) cells. Enrichment to greater than or equal to 93% plasma cells was confirmed with Wright's-Giemsa staining, with intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin staining, and with staining using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed at B, T, myeloid, monocytoid, and myeloma antigens in indirect immunofluorescence assays. Myeloma cells neither proliferated nor secreted Ig in response to G/M-CSF, G- CSF, M-CSF, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-2 (IL-2), or interleukin-4 (IL-4). Significant proliferation (SI greater than or equal to 3.0) was induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) in six of ten patients (SI of 31 and 43 in two cases); and to interleukin-3 (IL-3) and interleukin-5 (IL-5), independently, in two patients each. Peak proliferation to IL-5 or IL-6 and to IL-3 occurred in cells pulsed with 3[H] thymidine at 24 and 48 hours, respectively; and proliferation to combinations of factors did not exceed that noted to IL-6 alone; Ig secretion was not documented under any culture conditions. Three myeloma-derived cell lines similarly studied demonstrated variable responses. The heterogeneity in the in vitro responses of myeloma cells and derived cell lines to exogenous growth factors enhances our understanding of abnormal plasma cell growth and may yield insight into the pathophysiology of plasma cell dyscrasias. 相似文献
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Background
Cirrhosis-related complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in areas where its risk factors are endemic.Objective
We determined the prevalence of decompensated cirrhosis among patients on the gastroenterology service of Mulago Hospital and described the clinical and laboratory features of these patients.Methods
All patients admitted to the unit were assessed and their diagnosis documented. Patients with cirrhosis had clinical features of decompensation recorded. History of alcohol consumption was taken and testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) performed.Results
Between September 2010 and January 2011, we enrolled 482 patients. The majority (53.7%) were male, overall median age 38 years. Decompensated cirrhosis was diagnosed in 85 (17.6%) patients. Of the 85 patients, 47 (55.3%) gave a history of alcohol intake, HBsAg was positive in 23 (27.1%) and anti-HCV in 3 (3.5%). Decompensation was defined by ascites among 81 (95.3%) patients, variceal bleeding in 31 (36.5%), encephalopathy in 20 (23.5%).Conclusion
Cirrhosis is common in Mulago hospital presenting mainly with ascites and variceal bleeding. Aside from controlling causes of liver diseases, especially alcohol and hepatitis B virus infection, in the interim it is necessary to manage complications in patients who already have cirrhosis. 相似文献9.
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In vivo release and turnover of secreted platelet antiheparin proteins in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Musial J; Niewiarowski S; Edmunds LH Jr; Addonizio VP Jr; Nicolaou KC; Colman RW 《Blood》1980,56(4):596-607
Human and rhesus monkey platelets secrete at least two antiheparin proteins: platelet factor 4 (PF4) and low affinity platelet factor 4 (LA-PF4). Neither of these proteins showed species-related antigenic differences. As determined by radioimmunoassay, the levels of PF4 and LA-PF4 antigen per 10(9) monkey platelets amounted to 10.7 and 20.3 microgram, respectively. One milliliter of monkey plasma prepared from blood collected into an anticoagulant composed of EDTA, prostaglandin E1, and theophylline solution contained 22.4 ng LA-PF4 and 8.0 ng PF4. Concentrations of these two platelet-specific proteins in monkeys closely resembled levels found in human platelets and plasma. Infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) (100 or 300 ng/kg/min) into monkeys for 15 min resulted in a significant decrease of plasma levels of LA-PF4 antigen and of PF4 by 40%--60% (p < 0.0001). This decrease was related to the inhibitory effect of PGI2 on the secretion of platelets stimulated by a catheter or by venipuncture. Longer infusion of PGI2 did not produce further significant change. The supernate obtained after aggregation of human platelets stimulated by thrombin was injected into monkeys receiving PGI2 infusion. The disappearance of LA-PF4 antigen in monkey plasma followed a biphasic exponential curve with half-lives for the fast and slow components of 8.4 and 63 min. PF4 disappeared faster but followed the same pattern (half-lives for the fast and slow component of 2.1 and 70 min). Analysis of the experimental data suggests that the low levels of secreted platelet proteins in monkey plasma are related to their minimal in vivo release and to their rapid clearance. 相似文献