谷氨酸诱导体外培养的鸡胚脊髓神经细胞释放NO

用鸡胚脊髓神经细胞的原代培养,测定细胞中亚硝酸盐的含量,研究了谷氨酸(Glu)对原代培养神经细胞中NO的影响。结果表明,谷氨酸作用于原代培养的鸡胚脊髓神经细胞,在诱导神经细胞释放乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的同时,还可诱导细胞释放一氧化氮(NO)。如先用NO合成酶抑制剂L-NOARG作用细胞,再加入Glu,则发现L-NOARG能降低Glu导致的培养液中LDH活性升高。提示NO可能参与介导Glu的神经毒性作用。     

Colonic motility diagnosis based on colonic pressure

Manometry of the alimentary tract is a valuable and widely used means to evaluate and diagnose the function of the alimentary tract. However, the measurement can be inconvenient due to the invasive method used, and the many factors affecting results. Research on colonic pressure data is even more insufficient. This paper deals with colonic pressure data via an improved method ensuring that pressure data of the whole colon is available. The data is analysed based on the learning vector quantization (LVQ) method. Testing results show that this method distinguishes the normal data and the abnormal data, consistently with the original diagnoses. This method can serve as an assistant diagnosis of colonic motility and contributes to further research on colonic motility based on pressure data.     

Protective effect of aqueous garlic extract against naphthalene-induced oxidative stress in mice

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) against naphthalene-induced oxidative changes in liver, kidney, lung and brain of mice. Balb/c mice (25-30 g) of either sex were divided into five groups each comprising 10 animals. Mice received for 30 days: 0.9% NaCl, i.p. (control); corn oil, i.p; AGE in a dose of 125 mg kg-1, i.p.; naphthalene in a dose of 100 mg kg-1, i.p. (dissolved in corn oil); and AGE (in a dose of 125 mg kg-1, i.p.) plus naphthalene (in a dose of 100 mg kg-1, i.p.). After decapitation, liver, kidney, lung and brain tissues were excised. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were determined in the tissues, while oxidant-induced tissue fibrosis was determined by collagen content. Tissues were also examined microscopically. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase levels and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were measured for the evaluation of hepatic and renal function, respectively. MDA and GSH levels were also assayed in serum samples. In the naphthalene-treated group, GSH levels decreased significantly, while MDA levels, MPO activity and collagen content increased in the tissues (P<0.01-0.001), suggesting oxidative organ damage, which was also verified histologically. In the AGE-treated naphthalene group, all of these oxidant responses were reversed significantly (P<0.05-0.01). Hepatic and renal function test parameters, which increased significantly (P<0.001) following naphthalene administration, decreased (P<0.05-0.001) after AGE treatment. The results demonstrate the role of oxidative mechanisms in naphthalene-induced tissue damage. The antioxidant properties of AGE ameliorated oxidative organ injury due to naphthalene toxicity.     

Prevalence of non-convulsive seizure and other electroencephalographic abnormalities in ED patients with altered mental status

Four to ten percent of patients evaluated in emergency departments (ED) present with altered mental status (AMS). The prevalence of non-convulsive seizure (NCS) and other electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities in this population is unknown.ObjectivesTo identify the prevalence of NCS and other EEG abnormalities in ED patients with AMS.MethodsA prospective observational study at 2 urban ED. Inclusion: patients ≥ 13 years old with AMS. Exclusion: An easily correctable cause of AMS (e.g. hypoglycemia). A 30-minute standard 21-electrode EEG was performed on each subject upon presentation. Outcome: prevalence of EEG abnormalities interpreted by a board-certified epileptologist. EEGs were later reviewed by 2 blinded epileptologists. Inter-rater agreement (IRA) of the blinded EEG interpretations is summarized with κ. A multiple logistic regression model was constructed to identify variables that could predict the outcome.ResultsTwo hundred fifty-nine patients were enrolled (median age: 60, 54% female). Overall, 202/259 of EEGs were interpreted as abnormal (78%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 73-83%). The most common abnormality was background slowing (58%, 95% CI, 52-68%) indicating underlying encephalopathy. NCS (including non-convulsive status epilepticus [NCSE]) was detected in 5% (95% CI, 3-8%) of patients. The regression analysis predicting EEG abnormality showed a highly significant effect of age (P < .001, adjusted odds ratio 1.66 [95% CI, 1.36-2.02] per 10-year age increment). IRA for EEG interpretations was modest (κ: 0.45, 95% CI, 0.36-0.54).ConclusionsThe prevalence of EEG abnormalities in ED patients with undifferentiated AMS is significant. ED physicians should consider EEG in the evaluation of patients with AMS and a high suspicion of NCS/NCSE.     

合欢皮中新皂甙的结构鉴定

从合欢皮(Albizziae cortex)的95%乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部分中分离得到3个新的三萜皂甙,用化学方法及¹H-和¹³C-NMR,DEPT,COSY,TOCSY,HMQC-COSY,HMQC-TOCSY,HMBC,NOESY等波谱方法鉴定其结构为:I(1个三萜,9个糖,2个单萜),命名为合欢皂甙(julibroside)J₁;II(1个三萜,8个糖,2个单萜),命名为合欢皂甙J_{2;II(1个三萜,9个糖,2个单萜),命名为合欢皂甙J3。}     

促红细胞生成素对实验性肾性贫血的作用

促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)是由肾细胞分泌的一种糖蛋白激素。从人胚肾细胞中诱导,经生物化学方法分离、提纯得到此品。本试验用5/6肾切除的方法造成大鼠慢性肾衰性(CRF)贫血,研究不同剂量EPO对CRF贫血的作用。结果表明EPO有显著的促进红细胞生成,改善CRF贫血状态,使其接近或达到正常水平,最佳剂量为1000 U/kg,并可预防实验性贫血,对正常鼠未见明显作用。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定人血清中二十二碳六烯酸的浓度

毛细管气相色谱法测定人血清中二十二碳六烯酸的浓度李青翠张驰彭会明夏桂珠（北京医科大学药学院，北京１０００８３；山西省药品检验所，太原０３０００１）二十二碳六烯酸（ｃｉｓ４，７，１０，１３，１６，１９ｄｏｃｏｓａｈｅｘｅｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ，Ｄ...     

葡萄糖酸镁对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注细胞凋亡的抑制效应

目的:观察葡萄糖酸镁对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法:实验于2005-10/2006-01在辽宁医学院药理实验室完成。选用雄性SD大鼠48只,体质量250～300g,按随机排列表法将大鼠分为对照组、缺血再灌注组、葡萄糖酸镁组,每组16只,建立Langendorff离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。(1)每组各取8只:①对照组:改良的K-H缓冲液持续灌流110min。K-H缓冲液成分(mmol/L)如下:NaCl118.1,NaHCO325.0,KH2PO41.2,MgSO40.6,CaCl22.0,KCl4.7,Glucose11.0。②缺血再灌注组:改良的K-H缓冲液持续灌注至各项指标稳定后,约20min,停灌30min,再灌60min。③葡萄糖酸镁组:灌注方法同缺血再灌注组,但将K-H缓冲液内加葡萄糖酸镁2.4mmol/L。取左室心肌标本测总超氧化物歧化酶活性,丙二醛、Ca2 含量。(2)每组其余8只:①对照组K-H缓冲液持续灌流170min。②缺血再灌注组和葡萄糖酸镁组持续灌注至各项指标稳定后停灌30min,再灌注120min。观察对细胞凋亡的影响。(3)组间计量资料差异比较采用单因素方差分析。结果:SD大鼠共48只均进入结果分析。①缺血再灌注组大鼠心肌组织中丙二醛、Ca2 含量较对照组明显升高(P<0.01),总超氧化物歧化酶活性较对照组明显降低(P<0.01)。②葡萄糖酸镁组与缺血再灌注组比较,总超氧化物歧化酶活性明显升高(P<0.01),丙二醛、Ca2 含量明显降低(P<0.01)。③缺血再灌注组细胞凋亡指数显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。④葡萄糖酸镁组细胞凋亡指数与缺血再灌注组比较显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:葡萄糖酸镁有抑制心肌缺血再灌注损伤中心肌细胞凋亡的作用。其机制可能与葡萄糖酸镁减轻钙超载、清除氧自由基、减少脂质过氧化有关。     

基于受体结构的药物分子设计系统:维甲类分子与其结合蛋白之间相互作用的研究

大分子解剖程序,配体分子契合适配和DOCK程序,以及计算化学的其它程序等,已集成为基于受体结构和分子间相互作用的进行分子设计的软件系统,定名为BIOS(Biomolecularinteractionsandorientationsimulator)。BIOS软件可在普通的微机上运行。使用BIOS分别剥离了细胞浆维甲结合蛋白(CRBP)和副睾维甲酸结合蛋白(E-RABP)两种蛋白的配体结合腔,剥离是围绕配体以同样的分子距离进行的。从而得到了芳香性残基分布相似的两个结合腔,其结合位点的几何排布却有相当差别。揭示出的结合腔已用于一系列的维甲类化合物的DOCK研究。E-RABP的结合腔可做为设计新维甲类分子的模板。