青蒿琥酯皮肤擦剂在小鼠和兔体内的药代动力学研究

将青蒿琥酯溶于苯二甲酸二甲酯,加适量氨酮制成皮肤擦剂。给兔脱毛后,皮肤涂抹此擦剂25mg/kg后,血药浓度达峰时间平均为2 h,峰浓度平均为1.80μg/ml。药物在兔体内平均驻留时间为3.54 h,清除半衰期约为2.46 h。给小鼠脱毛皮肤涂抹擦剂6.7,31.3和71.4 mg/kg,血药浓度在给药后0.5～4 h达高峰,峰浓度分别为0.82,2.05和7.11μg/ml,体内药物平均驻留时间为3.39,2.79及3.54 h,清除半衰期为2.35,1.93及2.45 h。可见,给兔及小鼠皮肤擦剂后,青蒿琥酯吸收良好,血药浓度维持时间较长。     

A comparison of the effect of estrogen with or without progesterone on mood and physical symptoms in postmenopausal women

Using a randomized, placebo-controlled design, this study assessed the effects of estrogen alone (ES) or in combination with cyclic progesterone (EP) on daily ratings of mood and physical symptoms before and after 6 months of daily hormone treatment. Fifty-four postmenopausal women were recruited from the community at large and specifically selected as being asymptomatic at the time of enrollment and without significant psychiatric history. Ratings were obtained every day for 30 days prior to treatment and again every day during the last 30 days of treatment. Results revealed that when compared with pretreatment levels, women randomized to EP (n = 16) exhibited statistically significant increases in daily depression, cramping, and breast tenderness and a marginally significant increase in daily anxiety. However, these increases were mild, not clinically significant, and did not interfere with normal functioning. Women randomized to ES (n = 20) showed no significant change in daily mood measures, although they did experience an increase in breast tenderness with estrogen. A significant placebo (n = 18) effect was observed, as there was a reliable reduction in daily irritability ratings (p < 0.05) with placebo. These findings suggest that for most postmenopausal women, the use of hormones will not be associated with clinically significant changes in mood or physical symptoms, which weighs favorably into the cost-benefit ratio for women considering hormone replacement therapy.