全文获取类型
收费全文 | 711篇 |
免费 | 51篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 40篇 |
妇产科学 | 42篇 |
基础医学 | 133篇 |
口腔科学 | 15篇 |
临床医学 | 45篇 |
内科学 | 134篇 |
皮肤病学 | 21篇 |
神经病学 | 18篇 |
特种医学 | 141篇 |
外科学 | 70篇 |
综合类 | 21篇 |
预防医学 | 33篇 |
眼科学 | 6篇 |
药学 | 25篇 |
肿瘤学 | 30篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 21篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 36篇 |
2009年 | 40篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 40篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有775条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
AG Nettetal 《MedR Medizinrecht》2007,25(11):664-666
Abstrakt 1. Nimmt ein Patient einen ihm von seinem (Zahn-)Arzt einger?umten Exklusiv-Termin nicht wahr, obwohl er auf dessen Eigenschaft
ausdrücklich hingewiesen wurde, so hat er dem (Zahn-)Arzt den Behandlungsausfall abzüglich eines angemessenen Eigenanteils
des (Zahn-)Arztes zu ersetzen.
2. Die Ersatzpflicht tritt auch dann ein, wenn der Patient den Termin nicht in der in dem Behandlungsvertrag vorgesehenen
Frist absagt. Eine hierfür seitens des (Zahn-)Arztes bestimmte Frist von zwei Tagen vor Behandlungsbeginn stellt sich für
den Patienten grunds?tzlich auch nicht als unangemessene Benachteiligung i.S. des § 307 BGB dar.
3. Ein Anspruch des Arztes entf?llt auch bei nur mündlicher Vereinbarung nicht unter dem Gesichtspunkt des § 4 Abs. 5b BMV-Z,
denn diese Vorschrift ist teleologisch dahin zu reduzieren, dass nur zahn?rztliche Honoraransprüche aus erfolgten Behandlungen
schriftlich vereinbart werden müssen. Soweit es jedoch um einen vertraglichen Anspruch wegen einer Leistungsst?rung geht,
vermag das Schriftformerfordernis des § 4 Abs. 5b BMV-Z grunds?tzlich nicht einzugreifen. (Leits?tze des Bearbeiters) 相似文献
3.
Early during rat thymus ontogeny, an important proportion of thymocytes
expresses IL-2R and contains IL-2 mRNA. To investigate the role of the
IL-2-IL-2R complex in rat T cell maturation, we supplied either recombinant
rat IL-2 or blocking anti-CD25 mAb to rat fetal thymus organ cultures
(FTOC) under several experimental conditions. The IL-2 treatment initially
stimulated the growth of thymocytes and, as a result, induced T cell
differentiation, but the continuous addition of IL-2 to rat FTOC, as well
as the anti-CD25 administration, resulted in cell number decrease and
inhibition of thymocyte maturation. These results indicate that immature
rat thymocytes bear functional high- affinity IL-2R and that IL-2 promotes
T cell differentiation as a consequence of its capacity to stimulate cell
proliferation. Modifications in TCR alpha beta repertoire and increased
numbers of NKR- P1+ cells, largely NK cells, were also observed in
IL-2-treated FTOC. Furthermore, IL-2-responsiveness of different thymocyte
subsets changed throughout thymic ontogeny. Immature CD4-CD8-cells
responded to IL-2 in two stages, early in thymus development and around
birth, in correlation with the maturation of two distinct waves of thymic
cell progenitors. Mature CD8+ thymocytes maximally responded to IL-2 around
birth, supporting a role for IL-2 in the increased proliferation of mature
thymocytes observed in vivo in the perinatal period. Taken together, these
findings support a role for IL-2 in rat T cell development.
相似文献
4.
Antonio López-Beltrán Alfonso S. Calañas Pilar Jimena Alberto L. Escudero Telma R. Campello Manuel Muñoz-Torres Fernando Escobar-Jiménez Rafael E. Carvia F. F. Nogales 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1997,431(2):149-151
Three further cases of mature benign cystic teratomas of the ovary associated with virilization are added to the three previously
reported in the literature. They were found in postmenopausal, obese, diabetic women aged 52, 61, and 67 years. The patients
presented with hirsutism and voice changes and clitoromegaly was present in one. Testosterone and androstenedione levels were
elevated but promptly regressed after removal of the tumours. Histologically, sheets of stromal luteinized cells were found
peripherally at the interface between the neoplasm and ovarian tissue. Luteinization of ovarian stroma induced by an unknown
factor related to diabetes mellitus is the origin of the virilization.
Received: 8 January 1997 / Accepted: 28 February 1997 相似文献
5.
6.
Chronic cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity, P-glycoprotein overexpression, and relationships with intrarenal angiotensin II deposits. 下载免费PDF全文
R. G. del Moral M. Andujar C. Ramírez M. Gmez-Morales M. Masseroli M. Aguilar A. Olmo F. Arrebola M. Guilln M. J. García-Chicano F. F. Nogales F. O'Valle 《The American journal of pathology》1997,151(6):1705-1714
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expels hydrophobic substances from the cell, including chemotherapeutic agents and immunosuppressants such as cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506. Exposure of cultured renal tubular cells to CsA induces P-gp overexpression in cell membranes. Angiotensin II has recently been implicated as the principal factor responsible for progression of interstitial fibrosis induced by CsA. To investigate the in vivo relationships between histological lesions, P-gp overexpression, and intrarenal angiotensin II deposits, we developed a model of chronic CsA toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 25 mg/kg/day CsA for 28 and 56 days and fed either a standard maintenance diet or a low-salt diet. Immunohistochemical methods were used to study the expression of P-gp in renal tubular cells and the appearance of intrarenal angiotensin II deposits. Rats treated with CsA developed chronic nephrotoxicity lesions that were more evident in the group fed the low-salt diet. Treatment with CsA induced overexpression of P-gp in tubular cells of the kidney that increased with time. We found that immunohistochemical expression of P-gp was slightly more severe in rats fed a low-salt diet. Intrarenal deposits of angiotensin II were more evident in rats treated with CsA; these deposits also increased with time. This finding was also more relevant in rats given the low-salt diet. The up-regulation of P-gp was inversely related to the incidence of hyaline arteriopathy (r = -0.65; P < 0.05), periglomerular (r = -0.58; P < 0.05) and peritubular fibrosis (r = -0.63; P < 0.05), and intrarenal angiotensin H deposits in animals with severe signs of nephrotoxicity (r = -0.65; P < 0.05). These results support the hypothesis that the role of P-gp as a detoxicant in renal cells may be related to mechanisms that control the cytoplasmic removal of both toxic metabolites from CsA and those originating from the catabolism of signal transduction proteins (methylcysteine esters), which are produced as a result of ras activation in presence of angiotensin II. 相似文献
7.
Life expectancy in British Marfan syndrome populations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
JR Gray AB Bridges RR West L. McLeish AG Stuart JCS Dean MEM Porteous M. Boxer SJ Davies 《Clinical genetics》1998,54(2):124-128
A total of 206 patients with Marfan syndrome were ascertained throughout genetic clinics in Wales and Scotland during the period 1970–1990. There were 45 deaths representing 22% of the cohort. Mean age at death was 45.3 ± 16.5 years. 50% median cumulative survival in the total cohort (n = 206) was 53 years for males and 72 years for females. Multivariate analysis confirmed severity as the best independent indicator of survival. These findings and survival curves will assist in the counselling of British families and individuals with Marfan syndrome. 相似文献
8.
Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the ovary: Analysis of three cases 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Francisco F. Nogales MD Alberto Ayala MD Isabel Ruiz-Avila MD Juan J. Sirvent MD 《Human pathology》1991,22(12):1268-1273
The first three cases of myxoid leiomyosarcoma occurring in the ovary are reported. Two cases in stage III were found in postmenopausal patients and a further case was found in stage I in a 32-year-old. All masses were large and gelatinous with cystic change, necrosis, and hemorrhage, but both uteri and ligaments and contralateral adnexa appeared normal. Microscopically, the tumors showed a predominantly reticular meshwork of elongated cells surrounded by abundant basophilic material. While electron microscopy proved inconclusive due to nondifferentiation, the use of monoclonal antibodies against smooth muscle actin demonstrated a smooth muscle type of differentiation. The differential diagnosis of this rare ovarian condition includes other myxoid ovarian lesions, such as ovarian edema, myxoma, endodermal sinus tumors, and the sarcomatous component of malignant mixed müllerian tumor and carcinosarcoma, as well as lymphovascular tumors. Since mitotic count due to decreased cellular density is unusually low in myxoid leiomyosarcoma, capsular rupture and clinical stage seem to be more reliable prognostic markers. The highly aggressive behavior of myxoid leiomyosarcoma parallels that of typical ovarian leiomyosarcoma. Two of the three patients in this series died of tumor at 13 and 24 months after diagnosis; the other patient is free of disease at 3 years after diagnosis. 相似文献
9.
Francisco F. Nogales Alfredo Matilla Francisco Nogales-Ortiz Hugo L. Galera-Davidson 《Human pathology》1978,9(5):553-566
Four cases of polyvesicular vitelline tumor are presented; two were of a previously unreported pure type, and the other two were mixed with endodermal sinus tumor.The morphologic features of the vesicles favor an endodermal origin, as originally proposed by Teilum. Marked specialization of the vesicular lining cells, seen ultrastructurally, suggests a differentiation toward gut structures and mature yolk sac. One case of pure polyvesicular vitelline tumor showed massive erythropoiesis. We propose that the pure tumor reflects an intermediate degree of differentiation within the selectively endodermal yolk sac tumor group, that is, a further stage of organization than the endodermal sinus tumor.In our cases of pure polyvesicular vitelline tumor, the marked degree of differentiation was correlated with an improved prognosis, as in the case of the possible homologue of this tumor, the yolk sac tumor of the infant testis. In contrast, the two cases of the tumor admixed with endodermal sinus tumor illustrated the low survival rate expected in the pure endodermal sinus tumor; in these cases the metastases had no polyvesicular component. Because of the significance of such a difference in prognosis we emphasize the importance of an accurate diagnosis, suggesting that a large number of sections be taken in order to demonstrate any endodermal sinus tumor component that may be present, and that the possibility of pure polyvesicular vitelline tumor always be considered in the differential diagnosis of multicystic ovarian tumors. 相似文献
10.