Binge eating disorder,retention, and dropout in an adult obesity program

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with dropout in a weight reduction program among obese, nonpurging binge and nonbinge eaters. Method: We categorized 156 obese, nonpurging women previously randomized to a behavior modification-based (BM) or a food addiction theory-based (FD) weight reduction intervention by binge status using the DSM-IV criteria for binge eating disorder (BED). Subjects were monitored prospectively for dropout during the 6-month intervention period. Results: Results of a Cox proportional hazards survival analysis indicated binge status had a statistically significant (p = .04) protective effect against dropout. Binge eaters were half as likely to dropout versus nonbinge eaters. Discussion: We conclude that (1) the DSM-IV criteria for BED is a useful method of classifying obese individuals in weight loss interventions and (2) the identification of subgroups among obese subjects is an important step in understanding retention in weight loss programs. Future research can confirm this finding. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

骨髓干细胞分化为肝细胞的多种移植途径

近年来许多研究证实,人类和啮齿类动物的骨髓细胞可分化为多种细胞类型,包括骨骼肌细胞、心肌细胞、神经细胞和肝细胞等,这些骨髓干细胞的可塑性研究,为肝细胞移植提供了新的供体来源．骨髓干细胞替代肝细胞进行移植具有来源丰富,费用相对低廉,对患者损伤小等优点,且自体骨髓干细胞移植可以完全避免移植排斥反应,同时,骨髓干细胞只有 5-15 μm,移植后不会发生栓塞等并发症．因此骨髓干细胞移植在治疗肝病以及解决供体肝脏来源短缺方面具有广泛的应用前景．本文就骨髓干细胞的移植途径做一综述．     

三维重建射频损伤区域观察猪舌根射频损伤体积与射频能量及时间的关系

目的：目前临床进行隧道法舌根射频治疗时,其作用参数的设置仍缺乏统一的标准,故通过计算机三维重建射频损伤区域,分析猪舌根射频损伤体积与射频能量、时间的关系,从中得出应用舌根隧道法射频治疗的最佳作用能级和作用时间。 方法：实验于2006-06/2007-05在上海交通大学耳鼻喉科研究所完成。将36只实验用猪以射频作用能级1,2,3,4,5,6随机分成6组,每组6头猪,各个猪舌的作用时间分别设置为2,5,10,15,20,25s。用Coblation射频发生仪及Reflex55刀头进行猪舌根射频操作。射频作用后的舌根组织行连续冰冻切片,苏木精-伊红染色后,进行序列组织切片的全貌二维图像采集,对拟重建的结构进行边界提取和图像分割。将提取分割图像导入Image-Pro Solution图像处理软件,利用3D Constructor插件进行三维重建,并根据设定参数进行体积计算。用SPSS10.0统计学软件对所测数据进行统计学分析。 结果：①作用能级固定时,舌根组织射频损伤体积随时间延长而增大,符合Logarithmic回归曲线。②作用时间固定时,舌根组织射频损伤体积随能级增大而增大,符合直线回归。③射频损伤体积随能量增大而增加亦符合Logarithmic回归曲线。④Coblation射频治疗系统在能级6时,在作用10s之前,损伤体积随作用时间增加而迅速增加,其后变化趋势平缓,超过20s后损伤体积无显著增加。 结论：①舌根区域射频治疗时,舌根组织射频损伤体积与时间或能量呈Logarithmic曲线相关,与能级呈直线相关。②Coblation射频治疗系统在能级6时,最佳作用时间范围为10-20s。     

Intake and food sources of dietary fat among schoolchildren in The Woodlands, Texas

To investigate the nutrient intake and food use patterns among schoolchildren, diet was assessed among 138 children and adolescents in grades 5 through 12 using three random, nonconsecutive, 1-day food records. Mean intake of total fat, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat as percent of calories was 35.6%, 13.4%, and 6.6%, respectively. Among all subjects, 17% consumed diets containing less than 30% of calories from fat, 34% consumed greater than or equal to 38% of calories from fat, 7% consumed less than 10% of calories from saturated fatty acids, and greater than 97% ate less than 300 mg of cholesterol per day. While intake of calories, sodium, and beta-carotene per 1000 kcal was higher in subjects consuming higher fat diets, intake of other micronutrients was either higher among those eating low-fat diets or did not differ by level of fat intake. Differences were seen in the amount of saturated fat and cholesterol that individual food sources contributed to the diets of subjects eating high and low fat diets. These cross-sectional data show that a substantial proportion of children and adolescents in this population are consuming diets low in fat and cholesterol without systematic differences in intake of other nutrients, suggesting that current dietary guidelines regarding fat intake are attainable within the current food use pattern of healthy, school-aged children and adolescents.     

Prediction of Caesarean Section from Ultrasound and Clinical Assessment of Fetal Size

EDITORIAL COMMENT: We accepted this paper for publication because the authors have explored the possible value of ultrasound versus clinical assessment of fetal size to see whether they can predict the need for Caesarean section when the baby is large. In this study both the ultrasound and the clinical assessment were impressively accurate and fetal femur length was the most accurate of the ultrasound parameters in assessing fetal weight in predicting the need for Caesarean section. However, as the authors indicate, none of these methods of assessment of fetal size are recommended as an absolute indication for Caesarean section. Every obstetrician uses clinical assessment of the fetus when evaluating management of the patient but the need for clinical judgment remains.
Summary: One hundred and five women with singleton pregnancies and cephalic presentation were assessed. Fundal height and a clinical estimate of fetal weight were recorded. The fetal biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length were measured with ultrasound. Ultrasound estimated fetal weight was calculated using 3 different formulas (Shepard, Campbell and CUHK). The liquor volume was assessed using the amniotic fluid index.
Ultrasound was able to predict Caesarean section with more reliability than clinical assessment of fetal size or weight. The biparietal diameter, fundal height and amniotic fluid index were poor predictors of mode of delivery. The measurements which best predicted the mode of delivery were the fetal femur length and abdominal circumference. Femur length, but not abdominal circumference, was a statistically better predictor of Caesarean section than clinical estimation of fetal weight. There was no improvement in prediction using ultrasound estimated fetal weight.     

联合术式治疗女性出口处梗阻性便秘57例

1临床资料我们1999-06/2004-10收治女性出口处梗阻性便秘176例,其中耻骨直肠肌肥厚、直肠黏膜内脱垂、直肠前突三者并存57例,占32.4%,均为经产妇;年龄26～76岁,分娩1～5胎;病程1～32 a.合理的肠道及阴道准备,体位为膀胱截石位.用络合碘消毒阴道及肛管直肠腔.     

高三尖杉酯碱在大鼠及兔肝微粒体的代谢研究

采用动物肝微粒体体外代谢法对高三尖杉酯碱进行了代谢转化的研究。应用梯度洗脱—反相HPLC结合二极管陈列检测器对体外代谢体系进行了分析。判定在体外代谢体系中,高三尖杉酯碱主要产生一个代谢产物。用HPLC法制备出一定量代谢物纯品,经光谱分析及与化学制备的对照品相比较,推定其代谢物结构为:2′-羟基-2′(α-乙酸)-6′-甲基-6′-羟基-庚酰三尖杉碱。