Effect of bezafibrate on low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in normolipidemia. Study in coronary patients and their first degree relatives

A pharmacological study was carried out in a group of 20 subjects composed of 13 coronary patients and 7 normal close relatives (first degree) who were considered at a high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) because of their low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLch) (mean +/- SD: 34.1 +/- 5.2 mg/dl) and their high total cholesterol/HDLch (Tch/HDLch) ratio (mean +/- SD:6.7 +/- 1.1), despite their normal serum lipid values. With the purpose of normalizing these parameters they were submitted to a 4-month treatment with bezafibrate, a hypolipidemic agent which has a known effect in increasing HDLch and in decreasing the Tch/HDLch ratio. At the end of the study total serum cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly by 10 and 30%, respectively (p less than 0.01). HDL increased in its cholesterol content by 33% reaching a value of 45.4 +/- 9.8 mg/dl (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01) as well as in its apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) content (13%, p less than 0.02). HDL2 subfraction also rose in cholesterol and in Apo A1: by 90 and 38%, respectively (p less than 0.01). HDL3 subfraction rised only its cholesterol content by 24% (p less than 0.01). Tch/HDLch ratio was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) to a value of 4.6 +/- 0.9 (mean +/- SD). Total serum Apo B diminished by 14% (p less than 0.01). No adverse effects were observed during the follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

荧光原位杂交技术分析人结肠菌群方法研究

建立荧光原位杂交技术分析人体内结肠菌群的方法。取受试者新鲜粪便 ,选用 5种特异性的 16SrRNA寡核苷酸探针 ,检测粪便样本收集后的保存时间、温度 ,离心条件及样本固定液存放时间对杂交计数结果的影响。结果建立最佳实验条件为 :粪便样本收集后应尽快在 4℃下保存 ,放置时间不要超过 12小时即作处理 ;样本的适宜离心条件为 70 0g 2分钟 ;样本用多聚甲醛固定后在 - 80℃下存放时间不要超过 5个月。该方法具有较好的稳定性 ,可以有效地检出个体之间结肠菌群的差异。     

Renal autotransplantation in the management of a ureteroarterial fistula: a case report and review of the literature.

A 57-year-old woman who had been treated with an indwelling ureteral stent for over a year was admitted with massive gross hematuria caused by a fistula between the left ureter and hypogastric artery. Despite intensive radiographic evaluation, the definitive diagnosis was made only at the time of surgical exploration. Because of radiation-induced retroperitoneal fibrosis, midureteral obstruction, and prior pelvic and abdominal surgery, primary ureteral repair was not possible, and renal autotransplantation was performed. This case illustrates the need to consider the diagnosis of ureteroarterial fistula in patients with massive hematuria who have chronic indwelling stents, and the feasibility of autotransplantation when primary ureteral repair is not feasible.     

A short-term follow-up comparison of two trans-obturator tape procedures

The objective of the study was to compare the clinical outcomes at the short-term follow-ups of two novel transobturator mid-urethral sling procedures – the transobturator tape (TOT) procedure and the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)-obturator procedure. The study cohort consisted two groups of 40 women with urodynamically proven stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The patients in one group underwent the TOT procedure, performed according to Delorme (Prog Urol 11:1306–1313, 2001); those in the second group underwent the TVT-obturator operation, performed according to de Leval (Eur Urol 44:724–730, 2003). Intra-operative diagnostic cystoscopy was not performed with either the TVT-obturator or the TOT procedures. The average follow-up was 12 months. The two patient groups were similar in terms of demographic and therapeutic criteria, except for patient age, which was significantly younger in the TVT-obturator group. Previously reported TVT-related operative complications, such as bladder penetration, intra-operative bleeding, field infection and post-operative pelvic floor relaxation, were not observed in patients of either group. Bowel and urethral injuries were also not recorded. The therapeutic failure rates were 10% for the TOT procedure and 5% for the TVT-obturator procedure. Urinary frequency and urgency post-operatively were reported in 25% of the TOT patients and 19% of the TVT-obturator patients, pelvic or vaginal pain affected 10% of the TOT and 5% of the TVT-obturator patients, while post-operative voiding difficulty was experienced by 12.5% of the TOT and 7.5% of the TVT-obturator patients. None of the above-mentioned differences between the two patient groups were of statistical significance. The TVT-obturator and TOT procedures, both minimally invasive, novel, mid-urethral sling procedures, seem to be safe, easy-to-perform and effective in treating female SUI. The patients of both study groups suffered less intra- and post-operative surgical complications than previously been reported in connection with the TVT operation. The TVT-obturator patients had fewer therapeutic failures, less post-operative urinary frequency and urgency, less pelvic pain and less voiding difficulty. All of these findings, however, had no statistical significance; consequently, long-term comparative data collection will be required before solid conclusions can be drawn on the superiority of either of these two operative techniques.     

Diving medicine

This article orients the practicing physician to the physical and physiologic basis for the more common medical problems encountered in diving, discusses the common presenting manifestations for these disorders, and provides a framework for their treatment. Medical fitness for diving is also briefly addressed.