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In the current era of effective antiretroviral therapy, sexual dysfunction is being increasingly recognized in HIV-positive individuals. This article reviews the literature about the causes, treatments available and any issues specific to the HIV-positive individual. 相似文献
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Conventional Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear examination for demonstration of malarial parasites remains the gold standard for diagnosis of malaria in developing endemic countries. However this technique is time consuming, requires training and may give poor results in cases with low parasitaemia. To overcome these problems and improve diagnostic accuracy two newer tests have been studied and compared with standard Giemsa staining. These are the wet mount fluorescence microscopy of Acridine Orange stained thin blood films (A.O.) and the Quantitative Buffy Coat technique (Q.B.C) for diagnosis of malaria. A.O. staining was found to be 97.5% sensitive and 100% specific for detection of all stages and species of malarial parasite. The Q.B.C assay was found to be 100% sensitive and 97.5% specific for diagnosis of malaria. A.O. staining was very fast and the species identification was easy once the staining was optimised. The Q.B.C. test required considerable amount of practice, costly equipment, however it was fast and in our study was found to be highly sensitive. 相似文献
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Mayumi Naramura Neha Nandwani Hua Gu Vimla Band Hamid Band 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2010,107(37):16274-16279
Casitas B-cell lymphoma (Cbl)-family E3 ubiquitin ligases are negative regulators of tyrosine kinase signaling. Recent work has revealed a critical role of Cbl in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis, and mutations in CBL have been identified in myeloid malignancies. Here we show that, in contrast to Cbl or Cbl-b single-deficient mice, concurrent loss of Cbl and Cbl-b in the HSC compartment leads to an early-onset lethal myeloproliferative disease in mice. Cbl, Cbl-b double-deficient bone marrow cells are hypersensitive to cytokines, and show altered biochemical response to thrombopoietin. Thus, Cbl and Cbl-b play redundant but essential roles in HSC regulation, whose breakdown leads to hematological abnormalities that phenocopy crucial aspects of mutant Cbl-driven human myeloid malignancies. 相似文献
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Rajiv Mehta Mayank Kabrawala Subhash Nandwani Rini Tekriwal Payal Nandaniya Mrunal Shah Vishwa Bhayani 《Indian journal of gastroenterology》2016,35(6):459-464
Background
The safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-based treatment (sofosbuvir and ribavirin with or without pegylated interferon-α) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been established in clinical trials. However, there is limited data regarding safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-based treatment for HCV infection in a “real-life” cohort. We describe our experience with sofosbuvir-based treatment for HCV infection in a real-life cohort.Methods
This was a prospective, nonrandomized and observational study at a tertiary care centre in Surat, India. The primary end-point was proportion of the study patients who achieved a sustained virological response 12 weeks after cessation of treatment (SVR 12). Secondary end-points of the study include SVR 4, virological relapse and appearance of adverse events.Results
A total of 107 patients with chronic HCV who received sofosbuvir-based treatment were included in the study. During study period, two patients died due to severity of liver complications. Hence, overall rate of SVR 4 and SVR 12 was 98.1 % (n = 103/105) and 94.3 % (n = 99/105), respectively. Among 67 patients with HCV genotype-3 infection, the SVR 12 rate was 92.5 % (n = 62/67), and among 38 patients with HCV genotype-1 infection, the rate of SVR 12 was 97.4 % (n=37/38). A total of 32 (29.9 %) patients reported adverse events during the course of sofosbuvir-based treatment. None of the patient discontinued treatment due to adverse event.Conclusions
Sofosbuvir-based treatment is safe and efficacious in clinical practice in Indian patients with HCV genotype-1 and genotype-3 infection.7.
A Bigrigg R Nandwani R Ilett C Thow M Lamont U Bankowska 《The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care》2013,18(1):66-72
Objective?To evaluate a staff-administered questionnaire to identify life-style issues and social-health determinants.Design Structured questionnaire administered by a health professional after dealing with the primary reason for attendance.Setting Community-based UK sexual and reproductive health service.Population First 1329 selected clinic patients comprising 1018 women attending Family Planning and 161 women plus 150 men attending Genitourinary Medicine; 47% were aged under 25.Main outcome measures Identification of relevant health-risk taking, life-style issues, and unaddressed health concerns. Participants were offered appropriate support, information and referrals.Results?Two hundred and sixty-four (23%) of the Family Planning women and 83 (52%) of the Genitourinary Medicine women [plus 103 (69%) of the men] reported two or more sexual partners in the last year. A third of participants denied regular condom use. Six per cent of women and 5% of men questioned had previously been forced to have sex. Eleven per cent of men admitted to having paid for sex and 9% of women disclosed physical assault (one-quarter in the home). Eight per cent of women and 7% of men had unresolved issues relating to previous miscarriage, termination, or stillbirth.Conclusions?It is possible to identify relevant life-style issues and social determinants of health during routine practice using a staff-administered questionnaire. The resulting information may not otherwise have been disclosed and may impact significantly on health and care delivery. The information collected provides opportunities for both individuals and service planners to address wider health needs. 相似文献
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R Nandwani S Caswell F Boag A G Lawrence J C Coleman 《Sexually transmitted infections》1994,70(5):325-328
OBJECTIVE--To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A antibodies in homosexual and heterosexual males attending a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic. DESIGN--Prospective study of male patients recruited from a GUM clinic during a 10 week period in 1993. SETTING--Central London outpatient GUM department at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital. SUBJECTS--255 patients were recruited, comprising 185 homosexual and 70 heterosexual males. Ninety two men were known to be HIV-positive, of whom 89 were homosexual. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Serum samples were screened for both IgM and IgG antibodies to hepatitis A by enzyme linked immunoassay. Results were matched to an anonymously completed questionnaire. RESULTS--81 of the 255 subjects (31.8%) had been exposed to hepatitis A, two of whom were IgM positive. There were similar hepatitis A seroprevalence rates in homosexual (32.4%) and heterosexual men (30.0%). Although 48.1% of the homosexual men were known to be HIV-positive, compared with 4.3% of the heterosexuals. Hepatitis A seroprevalence remained comparable in both groups after patients with known HIV infection were excluded from the analysis. 11.4% of the heterosexual men admitted to oral-anal sexual contact compared with 62.2% of the homosexual men. This sexual practice was not associated with antibodies or a past history of hepatitis A exposure. CONCLUSIONS--There was no detectable difference in hepatitis A seroprevalence between male homosexual and heterosexual GUM clinic attenders, despite a much higher level of oral-anal sexual activity among the homosexual population. 相似文献
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Nandwani R Fisher M;Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases HIV Special Interest Group 《International journal of STD & AIDS》2006,17(9):588-593
These clinical standards for the screening and management of acquired syphilis in HIV-positive patients in the UK were first made available on the MSSVD website in February 2002. They have been updated by the 2006 UK National Guideline on the Sexual Health of People with HIV which is also published in this issue of the Journal [pp. 594-606]. Many of the recommendations remain in force and therefore the original document is published in full here. 相似文献
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