Long-term follow-up after aortic valve replacement with a small aortic prosthesis.

Although aortic valve replacement (AVR) is an effective treatment for patients with aortic valvular disease, the implantation of a small aortic prosthesis may result in residual left ventricular outflow stenosis and transvalvular gradient. In this study, the outcome in the long-term period of patients treated with a small aortic prosthesis was analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-four patients with AVR were divided into two groups, group A and group B. Group A consisted of 16 patients with 21 mm-sized prosthetic valves, and group B consisted of 8 patients with 19 or 16 mm-sized prosthetic valves. There were no significant differences in preoperative cardiac function or operative procedure in the two groups. The mean follow-up period (months) was 55.0 in group A and 51.3 in group B. RESULTS: One patient died of cerebral infarction in group A. There were no significant differences in cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) between the two groups. Postoperative physical activity according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification showed no significant differences in the two groups. Despite using a small prostheses for AVR, the postoperative course was good in the long-term period, although careful follow-up is necessary.     

Late-onset chylothorax after pulmonary resection and systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection for lung cancer

Late-onset chylothorax occurred 49 days after right lower lobectomy for lung cancer in a 76-year-old man. Chylothorax was successfully managed by conservative treatment with chest tube drainage and an enteral low-fat diet. Chylothorax may occur in the late period after pulmonary resection and systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection for lung cancer, for which conservative management is the treatment of choice.     

Phase I study of E1040, a new parenteral cephem antibiotic

The safety and pharmacokinetics of E1040, a new injectable cephem antibiotic, were evaluated in healthy volunteers. In single-dose studies, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg of E1040 were administered by I.V. infusion over 1 hour. Results of 5 minutes I.V. infusions of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg of the drug were also studied. Plasma concentration-time profiles were well suited to a two-compartment open model. The half-life of elimination from plasma was 1.85 +/- 0.16 hours, and the Cmax and AUC paralleled the doses given. The mean urinary recovery within the first 24 hours was 85.7 +/- 6.43% of the dose. In a multiple-dose study, 2000 mg of E1040 (I.V. over 1 hour) was administered every 12 hours (total 9 times) and no abnormal accumulation of the drug in plasma was observed. There were no significant differences in plasma levels or in urinary recoveries between single- and multiple-dose regimens. There were no subjective or objective abnormal findings definitely attributable to the drug except that one subject given 250 mg over 1 hour reported diarrhea, and another complained of nausea during the infusion of 2000 mg over 5 minutes. From these results E1040 was concluded to be safe and well tolerated.     

Gene polymorphism of myospryn (cardiomyopathy-associated 5) is associated with left ventricular wall thickness in patients with hypertension.

We examined a gene polymorphism of a novel Z-disc-related protein, myospryn (cardiomyopathy-associated 5). We focused on one haplotype block associated with a tag single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that covered 16 of 27 coding SNPs with linkage disequilibrium (minor allele frequency 0.413). Screening a myospryn polymorphism (K2906N) in a general health check-up of a rural Japanese population revealed an association with cardiac diseases (p=0.0082). In further analysis of the interaction between K2906N and cardiac function in patients, K2906N was associated with the anteroseptal wall thickness of the left ventricle in a recessive model (p=0.0324) and with the ratio of the peak velocity of the early diastolic filling wave to the peak velocity of atrial filling (A/E) (p=0.0278). In an association study based on left ventricular wall thickness, we found a significant difference in the K2906N genotype between controls and patients with cardiac hypertrophy. These results suggest that the K2906N polymorphism could be clinically associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction independent of known parameters. Although the precise mechanism underlying this association remains to be elucidated, treatment with angiotensin II induced an increase in heart myospryn mRNA level in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that the polymorphism of myospryn is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, and an association between a Z-disc protein and cardiac adaptation in response to pressure overload.     

Surgical treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm under temporary bypass with antithrombogenic tube and bio-medicus centrifugal pump

Four patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm were successfully operated on under temporary bypass with an antithrombogenic tube and a Bio-Medicus centrifugal pump. The bypass flow ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 l/min with the mean femoral artery pressure of 50 to 70 mmHg. No complications such as paraplegia, hepatic dysfunction or renal failure were encountered in all the patients. Temporary increment of the serum amylase level occurred in all the patients, but any apparent clinical symptoms were not present. The temporary bypass method with an antithrombogenic tube and a centrifugal pump is useful and reliable for surgical treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm.     

Thoracoscopic closure of a congenital partial pericardial defect

We describe our technique for performing direct thoracoscopic closure of a congenital partial pericardial defect, which was successfully employed in a 15-year-old boy. This is the first such report of a procedure that is noninvasive and may therefore become the treatment of choice for patients with a small congenital pericardial defect.     

Testicular seminoma with human chorionic gonadotropin production

Testicular seminoma with elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin level (hCG-positive seminoma) is regarded as more malignant than marker-negative seminoma, although Its prognosis is still unclear. To clarify the malignant potential of seminoma with hCG production, the serum levels of the beta subunit of hCG (β-hCG) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) were examined in 35 and 40 patients, respectively, and the Immunohistochemical expression of β-hCG examined in 45 tumors. The elevation of the LDH serum level correlated to the Invasive status, metestatic status and poor outcome, while that of the serum β-hCG level correlated only to the metastatic status. Immunohistochemical expression of β-hCG was observed in syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells in 11 tumors and a few mononuclear seminoma cells In 36 tumors. Expression was not associated with the malignancy potential, except where the expression In mononuclear cells Inversely correlated to the invasive status. These results suggest that most seminomas produce a slight amount of hCG; that an elevated hCG serum level Indicates the pressnce of metastatic tumors and mainly reflects an increase in tumor volume but not in cellular malignancy potential; and that the LDH serum level, rather than hCG, is more useful as a prognostic indicator for patients with seminoma.     

Left ventricular fibroma in an aged patient: Report of a case

We report herein the case of a 77-year-old man with a left ventricular tumor originating from the papillary muscle of the left ventricular wall, in whom a successful tumor resection with mitral valve replacement was performed. The pathological diagnosis of the tumor was confirmed as cardiac fibroma. His postoperative course was uneventful and he is currently well with no signs of recurrence 2 years after surgery.