全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4581篇 |
免费 | 246篇 |
国内免费 | 28篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 46篇 |
儿科学 | 107篇 |
妇产科学 | 178篇 |
基础医学 | 564篇 |
口腔科学 | 93篇 |
临床医学 | 320篇 |
内科学 | 1049篇 |
皮肤病学 | 78篇 |
神经病学 | 247篇 |
特种医学 | 156篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 787篇 |
综合类 | 106篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 419篇 |
眼科学 | 186篇 |
药学 | 320篇 |
中国医学 | 13篇 |
肿瘤学 | 183篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 30篇 |
2022年 | 82篇 |
2021年 | 207篇 |
2020年 | 83篇 |
2019年 | 124篇 |
2018年 | 150篇 |
2017年 | 116篇 |
2016年 | 122篇 |
2015年 | 111篇 |
2014年 | 179篇 |
2013年 | 224篇 |
2012年 | 296篇 |
2011年 | 338篇 |
2010年 | 195篇 |
2009年 | 179篇 |
2008年 | 224篇 |
2007年 | 234篇 |
2006年 | 199篇 |
2005年 | 223篇 |
2004年 | 178篇 |
2003年 | 158篇 |
2002年 | 134篇 |
2001年 | 96篇 |
2000年 | 95篇 |
1999年 | 88篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 26篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 64篇 |
1991年 | 58篇 |
1990年 | 57篇 |
1989年 | 68篇 |
1988年 | 40篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1986年 | 45篇 |
1985年 | 40篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 26篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 16篇 |
1971年 | 10篇 |
1970年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有4855条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Behzad Emadi Mojtaba Ghahraman Rezaieh Mansour Sedighi 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2021,60(3):103132
Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) have been a public health challenge for the accessibility, quality and safety of blood transfusion. The present study aimed to consider the prevalence and the trends of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis across the ten years among retrospective blood donors. A retrospective investigation of blood donors’ data covering the period from 22 May 2009 to 22 May 2019 was done. Data was accumulated and analyzed from Blood Transfusion Center records, pertaining to all donors who were screened for various TTIs using respective immunological techniques. Out of the 682,171 screened donors in the 2009–2019 study period, 2470 (0.36 %) were infected with at least one infectious agent. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HTLV-1, HIV and syphilis were 1700 (0.25 %), 184 (0.027 %), 335 (0.05 %), 4 (0.0.05 %) and 247 (0.036 %), respectively. The study showed male dominated donor pool (96.79 %) with higher prevalence (0.34 %) of TTIs compared to female donors (0.02 %) with 3.21 % population. Despite the low prevalence of TTIs in our study, HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV have remained a big threat to safe blood transfusion in Iran. Strict adherence to selection criteria, algorithm of donor screening, use of highly sensitive and specific methods for detection of TTIs, regular consultation and health education programs, prevention and sanitization strategies to reduce the risk of TTIs are recommended to reduce the risk of TTIs and ensure the safety of blood transfusion for recipient. 相似文献
2.
Gokhlesh Kumar Subhodeep Sarker Simon Menanteau-Ledouble Mansour El-Matbouli 《Parasitology research》2015,114(6):2301-2308
3.
K. Dahan V. Audard F. Roudot-Thoraval D. Desvaux M. Abtahi H. Mansour M. Kumal P. Lang P. Grimbert 《American journal of transplantation》2006,6(7):1725-1730
The clinical outcome and appropriate management for patients showing 'borderline changes' on allograft biopsy after renal transplantation is still controversial. In an attempt to identify predictive factors of clinical outcome of patients with such lesions, we reviewed the clinical course of 91 patients with borderline changes. Multivariate analysis revealed significant and independent effects of histological stage (i + t < or = or > 2) and time to borderline changes (< or = or > 3 months after transplant) on serum creatinine levels at 1 year from borderline changes episodes (respectively, p = 0.04 and p = 0.02) and only a significant effect of time to borderline changes on serum creatinine levels at 2 years (p = 0.005). Renal function at 1 year and 2 years as 5- and 8-year graft survival were not significantly different in the group of patients treated with antirejection therapy (T group, n = 49) compared with the untreated group (UT group, n = 42). This study strongly suggests that borderline changes with histological score (i + t) > 2 and late episodes of borderline changes should be considered to be of poor prognosis. 相似文献
4.
Moussa Ndong Machiko Kazami Tsukasa Suzuki Mariko Uehara Shin-ichi Katsumata Hirohumi Inoue Ken-Ichi Kobayashi Tadahiro Tadokoro Kazuharu Suzuki Yuji Yamamoto 《Nutrition Research》2009,29(9):640-647
Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most commonly known forms of nutritional deficiencies. Low body iron is thought to induce neurologic defects but may also play a protective role against cancer development by cell growth arrest. Thus, ID may affect cellular pathways controlling cell growth and proliferation, the mechanism of which is still not fully understood. The serine/threonine protein kinase Akt and its downstream target, the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), is known to play a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth and survival. Therefore, we hypothesized that Akt/mTOR pathway could be influenced by ID. Three-week-old male Wistar-strain rats were divided into 3 groups and the 2 groups had free access to a control diet (C group) or an iron-deficient diet (D group). The third group (PF group) were pair-fed the control diet to the mean intake of the D group. After 4 weeks, rats were killed and their brains were sampled. In separate experiments, COS-1 cells were cultured with or without the iron chelator deferoxamine. Western blots of brain samples and COS-1 lysates were used to analyze the expression and phosphorylation state of Akt, TSC2, mTOR, and S6 kinase proteins implicated in the Akt/mTOR pathway. Using 2 different ID models, we show for the first time that iron deficiency depresses Akt activity in rats and in COS-1 cells, leading to a decrease in mTOR activity. 相似文献
5.
6.
Antimurine antibody formation following OKT3 therapy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T J Schroeder M R First M E Mansour P E Hurtubise S Hariharan F C Ryckman R Munda D B Melvin I Penn W F Ballistreri 《Transplantation》1990,49(1):48-51
OKT3 is an IgG2a murine monoclonal antibody directed against the CD3 antigen receptor of human T lymphocytes. A major concern with OKT3 treatment in solid organ transplant recipients is the development of antimouse antibody, which may preclude retreatment with this agent. We have administered OKT3 on 215 occasions (150 renal, 34 hepatic, 26 cardiac, 5 pancreatic) in 179 patients between April 1982 and December 1988. The mean duration of treatment was 10.5 days (range, 2-22 days). Antimouse antibody data were analyzed on the most recent 133 treatment courses where the antibody status was available pretreatment. Determination of antimouse antibody production was elicited by ELISA technology at days 0, 7, 14, and 28 of OKT3 treatment. Patients were categorized according to the antibody response as follows: (a) absence of antibody; (b) low titer (1:100); or (c) high titer (greater than or equal to 1:1000). Our earlier experience has demonstrated that retreatment with OKT3 is successful in groups a and b. The development of antimurine antibodies was analyzed with regard to the following parameters: (1) The duration of OKT3 treatment; (2) treatment type (prophylactic, primary, or secondary); (3) primary treatment or retreatment; (4) concomitant immunosuppressive regimen (double or triple therapy); (5) dosage of concomitant immunosuppressive drugs; and (6) transplant organ type. The following results were obtained. (1) Duration of treatment had no effect on antibody production (11.0 days in antibody negative and 10.0 days in antibody positive). (2) There was no difference in antibody formation rates for the first treatment of OKT3 when it was used as prophylaxis (26%), primary (19%), or secondary (27%) therapy. (3) Antibody formation rate with first treatment was 29%; with retreatment, patients who were antibody negative following first treatment became positive in 28% of cases, and retreated patients who were low titer positive following first treatment converted to high titer in 57% of cases. (4) Antibody formation was higher in patients receiving double immunosuppressive therapy (36%) than in those receiving triple immunosuppressive therapy (21%) during OKT3 treatment. (5) Concomitant immunosuppression was lower in the antibody-positive group during OKT3 therapy: steroids, 61 mg/day vs. 52 mg/day; azathioprine, 89 mg/day vs. 66 mg/day; CsA, 317 mg/day vs. 186 mg/day. (6) Antibody formation rates were lower in non-renal transplants following first treatment with OKT3 (liver 17%, heart 17%, kidney 28%); this reflects the higher doses of concomitant immunosuppressive therapy used in nonrenal transplants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
7.
Interactions Between Cytomegalovirus, Human Herpesvirus-6, and the Recurrence of Hepatitis C After Liver Transplantation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Atul Humar Deepali Kumar Janet Raboud Angela M. Caliendo George Moussa Gary Levy Tony Mazzulli 《American journal of transplantation》2002,2(5):461-466
Recurrence of hepatitis C (HCV) following liver transplantation is common. Herpesvirus reactivation following transplant may have an immunomodulatory effect resulting in increased HCV replication. We studied whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) may be associated with HCV recurrence and viral load after transplant. We prospectively followed 66 HCV liver-transplant recipients with serial viral load testing for CMV and HHV-6. Infection and viral load were correlated with the development of biopsy-proven HCV recurrence and HCV viral loads. Histologic recurrence of HCV occurred in 41/66 (62.1%) patients. In the primary analysis, CMV infection and disease, and HHV-6 infection were not associated with HCV recurrence. Peak CMV and HHV-6 viral loads were not significantly different in patients with and without recurrence. No correlation was observed between HCV viral loads at 1 and 3 months post-transplant and peak HHV-6 or CMV viral loads. In a subgroup analysis, HHV-6 infection was associated with the development of more severe recurrence (hepatitis and/or fibrosis score > or = 2) (p = 0.01). Also, fibrosis scores at last follow up were higher in patients with CMV disease (1.67 vs. 0.56; p = 0.016) and in patients with HHV-6 infection (1.18 vs. 0.55; p = 0.031). In conclusion, HHV-6 and CMV infection and viral load were not associated with increased overall rates of HCV recurrence or HCV viral load after liver transplantation but may be associated with more severe forms of recurrence. 相似文献
8.
G V Stiegmann J S Goff A Mansour N Pearlman R M Reveille L Norton 《American journal of surgery》1992,163(2):227-230
Thirty-four patients with suspected common bile duct stones were randomized to undergo endoscopic cholangiography and stone removal prior to open cholecystectomy or to have open cholecystectomy, operative cholangiography, and common bile duct exploration. Sixteen underwent the first protocol, and 18 the second. Analysis of the ability to clear stones from the common bile duct, morbidity, mortality, hospital stay, length of operation, and hospital cost showed no difference in outcome between patients treated by either method. These data suggest there is neither an advantage nor a disadvantage to treating patients with suspected duct stones by precholecystectomy endoscopic cholangiography and stone removal. 相似文献
9.
M. Sand T. Gambichler G. Moussa F. G. Bechara D. Sand P. Altmeyer K. Hoffmann 《Skin research and technology》2006,12(2):114-118
BACKGROUND/AIMS: It has recently been proposed that the refractive index (RI) measured by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT) may be a valid measure for hydration of skin. In this pilot study, using OCT in vivo, we aimed to investigate the interday variability of RI measurements and acute changes of RI following the application of a moisturizer. METHODS: Twenty healthy Caucasian volunteers were investigated on their forearms using a commercially available OCT system (SkinDex 300, ISIS optronics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) fitted with an integrated algorithm for the evaluation of the RI. The interday repeatability of the OCT method was determined performing symmetrical measurements on both forearms on day 1, 5, 9, and 13. In order to investigate the acute effect of a moisturizer on RI, OCT assessments were performed before and 10 min after the application of an aqueous lotion with a lipophilic phase. As a control, the contralateral site was investigated in the same way, except for the use of distilled water instead of the lotion. RESULTS: Assessments of interday variability revealed insignificant (P>0.05) variances between the four measurement times as expressed in very small repeatability coefficients (right arm: 0.039; left arm 0.053) and small coefficients of variance (right arm: 1.02%; left arm: 1.38%). With regard to the RIs measured over time, we could not observe significant (P>0.05) differences between the two symmetrical anatomic sites (mean+/-SD of RI: 1.3893+/-0.0142 (right arm); 1.3875+/-0.0192 (left arm)). The acute effect of the moisturizer was indicated by a significant decrease of the RI 5 min after the application of the lotion (1.399+/-0.01 vs. 1.387+/-0.02; difference between means: 0.012; P=0.033; 95% confidence interval: 0.001-0.0023). However the control site treated with distilled water did not show significant differences between the two measurement times (1.387+/-0.013 vs. 1.391+/-0.023; difference between means: -0.004; P=0.57; 95% confidence interval: -0.019-0.011). CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, we have demonstrated that RI evaluation via OCT is a promising technique that may be used for the assessment of skin hydration in vivo. However, the direct comparison of OCT with standard methods, ideally such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is necessary. 相似文献
10.
Adel M. Mansour Robert W. Frenck Jr. Toni Darville Isabelle A. Nakhla Thomas F. Wierzba Yehia Sultan Magdy I. Bassiouny Kathryn McCarthy Richard F. Jacobs 《Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI》2005,12(2):363-365
Cerebrospinal fluid gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 levels in 39 patients with tuberculous meningitis were serially measured. Cytokine levels did not predict intracranial granuloma (IG) development, but IFN-γ levels in the top quartile after 1 month of therapy were highly associated (odds ratio = 18) with detection of an IG by computed tomography scanning. 相似文献