3,5-甾二烯化合物的合成及抗早孕活性

以18-甲基-17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮(18-甲基炔诺酮),17β-羟基-17α-乙缺基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮(炔诺酮),17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-雄甾-4-烯-3-酮(妊娠素)和17a-羟基孕甾-4-烯-3,20二酮(17α-羟基黄体酮)为原料,经NaBH,还原、脱水、双键转位和酯化等反应合成一系列3,5-甾二烯化合物,用¹HNMR和MS证明了它们的结构。动物筛选结果表明,17β-丙酰氧基-17α-乙炔基-雌甾-3,5-二烯(IV_b2有明显的抗早孕活性。中断早期妊娠的作用似与其雌激素活性有关。     

Evaluation of encephalic ventricular volume from the magnetic resonance imaging scans of thirty-eight human subjects

Summary Accurate volume determination of the encephalic ventricles is of importance in several clinical conditions, including Alzheimer's presenile dementia, schizophrenia, and benign intracranial hypertension. Previous studies have investigated the accuracy with which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used in clinical practice to evaluate the encephalic ventricles. However, adequate evaluation of pathological conditions depends on a sufficient amount of morphometric data from normal subjects. To begin establishing this data base for normal subjects, we evaluated the MRI scans of 38 subjects found to have no apparent pathology and calculated the ventricular volume in each case by using methods previously developed in our laboratory. The results were then compared with published volumes determined from studies that used either ventricular casts or computerized tomographic scans. The average total ventricular volume for all 38 subjects was 17.4 cm³, while that for males was 16.3 cm³ and that for females was 18.0 cm³. A small but significant correlation was found between age of subject and ventricular volume, with ventricular size increasing with age.

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Evaluation du volume des ventricules cérébraux à partir des images obtenues en résonance magnétique nucléaire chez 38 sujets humains

Résumé La détermination exacte du volume des ventricules cérébraux est importante en clinique comme par exemple dans la démence présénile d'Alzheimer, la schizophrénie et l'hypertension intracrânienne bénigne. Des études antérieures ont étudié la fiabilité de la résonance magnétique nucléaire en pratique clinique pour évaluer le volume des ventricules cérébraux. Toutefois une évaluation correcte dans les conditions pathologiques implique une bonne connaissance des données morphométriques du sujet normal. Pour établir ces données sur « le sujet normal », nous avons étudié les coupes obtenues en IRM chez 38 sujets apparemment indemnes de toute pathologie; nous avons calculé le volume ventriculaire dans chaque cas en utilisant des méthodes mises au point auparavant dans notre laboratoire. Les résultats ont été ensuite comparés avec ceux obtenus par d'autres études utilisant soit des moules ventriculaires, soit des coupes tomographiques computérisées. Le volume ventriculaire total moyen chez 38 sujets est de 17,4 cm³, mais il est chez les sujets masculins de 16,3 cm³ et chez les sujets de sexe féminin de 18 cm³. Une corrélation faible mais significative a été trouvée entre l'âge du sujet et le volume ventriculaire, étant entendu que la taille du ventricule augmente avec l'âge.

     

Application of the single radial diffusion test for assay of antibody to influenza type A viruses.

Single radial diffusion (SRD) tests for antibodies to influenza type A hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, and matrix protein antigens were compared with conventional hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, and complement fixation tests. Sera used in this study were obtained in 1968-1969 from volunteers before and after vaccination and before and after an ensuing epidemic of Hong Kong influenza. The SRD test compared favorably with conventional tests for assessment of vaccine- or infection-induced rises in antibody titers to influenza type A viruses. Little linear relationshiip was seen between zone areas with SRD and titers with conventional tests, suggesting that the SRD test may detect antibody of different quality or specificity. The SRD seemed equal to the hemagglutination inhibition test for predicting susceptibility to influenza. SRD is a simple test for the recognition of antibody to various antigenic components of the influenza virus and could prove to be a valuable epidemiological tool.     

Congenital pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: angiographic and surgical correlates

Of 181 patients with severe congenital pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect or "type IV truncus" (an obsolete term), all but 11% had true central pulmonary arteries. These arteries were demonstrable by large serial biplane angiograms using multiple selective injections into collateral vessels, frequent photographic subtraction, and occasional pulmonary vein-wedge angiograms. These techniques are extremely important for accurate diagnosis and in planning corrective or palliative surgery, which was done in 77% of patients with pulmonary arteries.     

Amiodarone: correlation of serum concentration with suppression of complex ventricular ectopic activity

Although amiodarone has been used for the suppression of complex ventricular arrhythmias since the early 1970s, there is a paucity of information regarding the relation of serum concentration to arrhythmia suppression. To investigate this relation, 25 patients receiving chronic amiodarone therapy for complex ventricular arrhythmias were retrospectively studied. At each visit a blood sample for determination of trough serum amiodarone concentration and a 24-hour 2-channel ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) were obtained. Dosage was adjusted, based on the ambulatory ECG, to maintain arrhythmia suppression at the lowest possible amiodarone dose and, hence, because of the extremely long half-life of amiodarone, patients were rarely in a true steady state. Over 17 months, 218 ambulatory ECGs with corresponding serum samples were analyzed. Negative correlations between serum amiodarone concentration and the frequencies of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), paired PVCs and ventricular tachycardia were found (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.05, respectively). No correlations existed between amiodarone dose and these arrhythmias. Trough serum amiodarone concentrations greater than 2.0 micrograms/ml were associated with significant reductions in the frequencies of PVCs (p less than 0.01) and paired PVCs (p less than 0.02) when compared with serum concentrations below this level. A reduction in ventricular tachycardia was seen with serum concentrations greater than 1.5 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)