Retrograde inspection vs standard forward view for the detection of colorectal adenomas during colonoscopy: A back-to-back randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND The adenoma detection rate(ADR) is inversely associated with the incidence of interval colorectal cancer and serves as a benchmark quality criterion during screening colonoscopy. However, adenoma miss rates reach up to 26% and studies have shown that a second inspection of the right colon in retroflected view(RFV) can increase ADR.AIM To assess whether inspection of the whole colon in RFV compared to standard forward view(SFV) can increase ADR.METHODS Patients presenting for screening or surveillance colonoscopy were invited to participate in this randomized controlled trial and randomized into two arms. In RFV arm colonoscopy was initially performed with SFV, followed by a second inspection of the whole colon in RFV. In the SFV arm first withdrawal was performed with SFV, followed by a second inspection of the whole colon again with SFV. Number, size and morphology of polyps found during first and second inspection in each colonic segment were recorded and all polyps were removed and sent for histopathology in separate containers.RESULTS Two hundred and five patients were randomly assigned to the RFV(n = 101) and SFV(n = 104) arm. In the RFV arm, both polyp detection rate(PDR) and ADR were increased under second inspection in RFV(PDR 1~(st) SFV: 39.8%, PDR 2~(nd)RFV: 46.6%; ADR 1~(st) SFV: 35.2%, ADR 2~(nd) RFV: 42%). Likewise, in the SFV arm,PDR and ADR were increased under second inspection(PDR 1~(st) SFV: 37.5%, PDR 2~(nd) SFV: 46.6%; ADR 1~(st) SFV: 34.1%, ADR 2~(nd)SFV: 44.3%) with no significant differences in ADR and PDR between the SFV and RFV arm. Mean number of adenomas per patient(APP) was increased in the RFV and SFV(APP RFV arm: 1~(st) SFV: 1.71; 2~(nd) RFV: 2.38; APP SFV arm: 1~(st) SFV: 1.83, 2~(nd)SFV:2.2). The majority of adenomas additionally found during second inspection in RFV or in SFV were located in the transverse and left-sided colon and were 5 mm in size.CONCLUSION Second inspection of the whole colon leads to increased adenoma detection with no differences between SFV and RFV. Hence, increased detection is most likely a feature of the second inspection itself but not of the inspection mode.     

Tauchunfälle

Notfall + Rettungsmedizin - Tauchunfälle sind vergleichsweise selten und stellen (Erst‑)Helfer vor besondere Herausforderungen. Sie müssen schnell und kompetent behandelt werden, da...     

Angiogenese – therapeutische Interventionsmöglichkeiten bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen

In contrast to vasculogenesis, angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new vessels from preexisting ones. Physiologically, this multistep process occurs in adults during the reproductive cycle and during pregnancy, pathophysiologically it can be found in wound healing, inflammation and carcinogenesis. The underlying mechanisms are vasodilatation and increasing permeability, destabilization of vessel walls and degradation of extracellular matrix, followed by the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Migrated endothelial cells form vascular tubes at sites of ischemia and these tubes are finally stabilized by pericytes and smooth muscle cells. This process is controlled by a complex interaction of angiogenic and angiostatic factors. In contrast to carcinogenesis, the role of angiogenesis for the pathogenesis and therapy of rheumatic diseases is less understood. Two examples for pathologically disturbed angiogenesis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis, are discussed in this review with respect to therapeutic options.     

华蟾蜍毒素对离体豚鼠输精管的作用

华蟾蜍毒素(华蟾素)使离体豚鼠输精管产生剂量依赖性收缩反应,利血平化豚鼠输精管及冷藏输精管对华蟾素反应减弱。给酚妥拉明、维拉帕米后,输精管对华蟾素反应均受抑制,溴苄胺可使反应潜伏期缩短。结果提示华蟾素收缩输精管反应可能与其促进肾上腺素能神经末稍NA释放有关。     

Pulmonale Thrombendarterektomie: Die Therapie der chronisch thromboembolischen pulmonalen Hypertension— Initiale chirurgische Erfahrung

Zusammenfassung Grundlagen Die pulmonale Thrombendarterektomie stellt eine effektive Therapie zur Behandlung von Patienten mit chronisch thromboembolischer pulmonalar Hypertonie dar. Wir berichten über unsere Erfahrungen mit dieser Operationstechnik bei den ersten 9 Patienten. Methodik Zwischen 1992 und Oktober 1994 wurde bei 9 Patienten eine pulmonale Thrombendarterektomie durchgeführt. über eine mediane Sternotomie wurden die Pulmonalarterien beider Seiten bis in ihre subsegmentalen Aufzweigungen im Sinne einer echten Endarterektomie vom organisierten thromboembolischen Material befreit. Zumeist waren Perioden des totalen Kreislaufstillstandes in tiefer Hypothermie notwendig, wobei diese zunehmend verkürzt werden konnten und 3 Patienten vollst?ndig ohne Kreislaufstopp operiert wurden. Ergebnisse Die perioperative Mortalit?t betrug 11%, wobei der 1. Patient am 14. postoperativen Tag an den Folgen eines Reperfusions?dems verstarb. Alle anderen Patienten sind 4 bis 22 Monate (im Mittel 13 Monate) nach dem Eingriff am Leben und zeigen eine Hochsignifikante Verbesserung ihrer h?modynamischen Situation (mean PAP pr?operativ: 62 mm Hg, postoperativ: 30 mm Hg p<0,001; Cardiac Index pr?operativ: 2,1 1/min/m², postoperativ: 3,6 l/min/m² p=0,001). W?hrend pr?operativ alle Patienten in NYHA-Klasse III oder IV waren, sind die 8 überlebenden jetzt alle in Klasse I oder II. Schlu?folgerungen Die pulmonale Thrombendarterektomie bietet eine erfolgreiche Therapiem?glichkeit für Patienten mit chronisch thromboembolischer pulmonaler Hypertonie mit einer in Anbetracht fehlender konservativer Altermativen akzeptablen Mortalit?t und ausgezeichneten funktionellen Langzeitergebnissen.