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1.
Neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase isoforms: quantification of protein and mRNA in the normal rat penis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an important enzyme for erection. We evaluated the content of neuronal (nNOS) and endothelial (eNOS) isoforms and their mRNA in the penis and major pelvic ganglion (MPG) of adult male rats by Western and Northern blot analysis. The cerebellum was evaluated as a control. nNOS protein and its mRNA were detected in abundance in the MPG, cerebellum, pelvic urethra and within the crura of the penis. In contrast, the penile urethra, neurovascular bundle and the shaft of penis contained smaller amounts of this protein. eNOS protein was most abundant in the penile and pelvic parts of the urethra, whereas a moderate level was found in the penile shaft, crura, neurovascular bundle, MPG and cerebellum. Similarly eNOS mRNA was abundant in the penile and pelvic parts of the urethra, MPG and cerebellum. Penile shaft, crura and neurovascular bundle showed moderate amounts of eNOS mRNA. In conclusion, nNOS and its mRNA are most abundant in the MPG and crura of penis whereas eNOS is most abundant in the urethra and to a lesser extent present in the penis. Importantly eNOS protein and mRNA were demonstrated in the MPG, where eNOS function has to be studied. 相似文献
2.
Objective: The aim of this work was to investigate the value of laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) compared with GnRH antagonist flexible protocol combined with cabergoline (Cb), as a prophylaxis against the re-development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary disease (CCR-PCOD) who had severe OHSS before in a previous ICSI cycle.Study design: It is a prospective controlled study, where 250 CCR-PCOD women (n?=?250) with a history of severe OHSS before, had been recruited for the study. LOD had been performed for 120 (n?=?120) of the recruited women before ovarian induction, and considered as group A. GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide 0.25?mg) was added when a leading follicle reaches 14–16?mm combined with oral Cb in a dose 0.5?mg a day before hCG, and for 8?d for another 130 (n?=?130) women, and considered as group B. Pregnancy was diagnosed with BhCG level ≥25?IU/L,?±?14?d after embryo transfer, followed with transvaginal ultrasound scanning (TVS) 2 weeks later to confirm intra-uterine pregnancy (IUP). Women were followed up weekly for 3?months for the possible development of any signs and symptoms of OHSS.Results: None of the participants in group A developed severe OHSS, and only six women (5%) developed mild to moderate OHSS. The incidence of severe OHSS was significantly higher (n?=?3, 15%) in group B compared with group A (p?.001). Another (n?=?17, 13.3%) women in group B developed mild to moderate OHSS. The probability of developing severe OHSS was also significantly higher in group B as well (p?=?.031). Pregnancy rate (PR) was significantly higher in group A more than group B (67% versus 39%, respectively), and all were single intrauterine pregnancies (IUP) and all developed after fresh embryo transfer (ET), compared with frozen embryo transfer (FET) which was performed in 42 cases in group B after postponing ET due to significantly severe OHSS developed.Conclusion: LOD could be considered a good prophylactic measure against OHSS, in addition to improving the total outcome of IVF cycles in women with CCR-PCOS. 相似文献
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4.
The prevalence of sleep complaints increases steadily with age. Studies investigating insomnia among elderly people living
in geriatric homes, especially among Egyptians, are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of insomnia symptoms
among the elderly living in geriatric homes in Alexandria and their correlates. A cross-sectional survey of a representative
sample of elderly population of geriatric homes in Alexandria was implemented. A total of 177 persons aged 60 years or older
participated. Difficulty initiating sleep was reported by 65% of the participants. Approximately half of them had difficulty
maintaining their sleep (50.8%) or had non-restful sleep (51.4%). Short sleep was reported by 43.5% of the participants, while
early morning awakening was reported by 28.2%. Advanced age (≥75 years) was significantly associated with increased risk for
early morning awakening, non-restful sleep and short sleep. Women had approximately a fourfold risk of non-restful sleep as
opposed to men. Short stay in geriatric homes (<1 year) was associated with 2.5-fold increased risk of non-restful sleep.
Unmarried status was strongly and positively related to difficulty to maintain sleep and non-restful sleep. Depressive status
was significantly associated with an increased risk of difficulty to maintain sleep and decreased risk of early morning awakening.
Conclusively, the present study showed that insomnia symptoms are highly prevalent among the elderly living in geriatric homes.
It also revealed that although age, gender, and other socio-demographic factors are correlated with insomnia symptoms, other
factors are highly important. Health care providers should take these factors in consideration when dealing with elderly patients
who complain of insomnia. 相似文献
5.
6.
Brian E. Kadera Dana D. Portenier Basil M. Yurcisin Eric J. DeMaria Moataz M. Gaddor Kunoor Jain-Spangler 《Surgery for obesity and related diseases》2013,9(3):447-452
BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy (SG) is at least as effective at producing weight loss as gastric banding but may be superior in producing remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of diabetes improvement in SG beyond caloric restriction. We studied SG in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats.MethodsTwenty-eight ZDF rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: SG, sham-operated ad lib fed (AL), or sham-operated pair fed (PF). SG and AL rats had free access to food. PF rats were fed the average daily intake of the SG group. Comparisons of caloric intake, weight loss, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing (IPGTT), insulin, and total ghrelin were performed preoperatively and at postoperative days 10, 20, and 30. Differences between means were evaluated using one-way ANOVA and the paired t test as appropriate.ResultsPostoperatively, SG rats had lower daily caloric intake than the AL controls (78.3±10.5 kcal versus 104.7±4.6 kcal). Both SG and PF groups had sustained weight loss (–5.3±3.8 g and –27.5±2.6 g, respectively); however, SG rats had significantly lower AUC for glucose after IPGTT than both controls. This is in contrast to AL controls that experienced weight gain (34.1±4.7 g) and increases in AUC for glucose after IPGTT.ConclusionAlthough SG is considered a restrictive procedure, there is evidence for a metabolic effect by virtue of decreased insulin resistance, which may not be reproduced by PF controls. 相似文献
7.
Ying-Jie Peng Jayasri Nanduri Gayatri Raghuraman Dangjai Souvannakitti Moataz M. Gadalla Ganesh K. Kumar Solomon H. Snyder Nanduri R. Prabhakar 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2010,107(23):10719-10724
Gaseous messengers, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, have been implicated in O2 sensing by the carotid body, a sensory organ that monitors arterial blood O2 levels and stimulates breathing in response to hypoxia. We now show that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a physiologic gasotransmitter of the carotid body, enhancing its sensory response to hypoxia. Glomus cells, the site of O2 sensing in the carotid body, express cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), an H2S-generating enzyme, with hypoxia increasing H2S generation in a stimulus-dependent manner. Mice with genetic deletion of CSE display severely impaired carotid body response and ventilatory stimulation to hypoxia, as well as a loss of hypoxia-evoked H2S generation. Pharmacologic inhibition of CSE elicits a similar phenotype in mice and rats. Hypoxia-evoked H2S generation in the carotid body seems to require interaction of CSE with hemeoxygenase-2, which generates carbon monoxide. CSE is also expressed in neonatal adrenal medullary chromaffin cells of rats and mice whose hypoxia-evoked catecholamine secretion is greatly attenuated by CSE inhibitors and in CSE knockout mice. 相似文献
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9.
Raouf Seyam Hassan M. Alzahrani Waleed K. Alkhudair Mohammed Anas Dababo Mohammed F. Al-Otaibi 《Canadian Urological Association journal》2012,6(1):E8-E10
Lymphangioma of the urinary bladder is a very rare tumour in adulthood. Robotic partial cystectomy is evolving for treatment of a limited number of bladder tumours. We describe a case of an adult woman with a bladder dome lymphangioma for which robotic partial cystectomy was carried out. 相似文献
10.
M S el-Bakry S B el-Shafei E M Seyam N M el-Kobbia U H Ebrahim 《Middle East journal of anesthesiology》1989,10(2):189-194
Pethidine 100 mg in 30-40 ml saline was given in a group of patients by the conventional technique of intravenous regional anesthesia. Fourty percent of the patients did not feel any form of pain or discomfort, 26.7% experienced only vague sensations which did not call for additional drugs but 13.3% felt some form of pain or discomfort for which diazepam was given and was enough for surgery to be completed. In the rest of the patients (20%) there was intolerable pain for which patients were given general anesthesia. This last category was operated upon for recent fractures or digital conditions and it is known that intravenous regional anesthesia using conventional local anesthetics for such patients usually fails. In a control group in which 30-40 ml saline without pethidine were injected, there was complete failure of the technique. 相似文献