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BACKGROUND: Optical penalization (OP) has previously been shown to successfully maintain vision in amblyopic eyes of older children when patching compliance is poor and when vision decreases once patching is discontinued. This study shows that the final vision in optically penalized eyes is often better than the vision obtained after patching alone. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: During the 5-year period from January 1992 to February 1997, 28 children aged between 3.7 and 8.2 years (average age, 6.5+/-1.1 years) were optically penalized for an average of 1.5+/-0.75 years. The maximum length of penalization was 3.3 years, whereas the minimum time was 6 months. There were 21 children with strabismic amblyopia and 7 children with anisometropic amblyopia. All 28 children had worn a patch to achieve their best visual levels and then had shown a loss of best vision when occlusion was stopped. Patching was usually resumed and continued until the previous best vision was obtained; at this point OP was started to "maintain" vision. Eighteen of the 28 children have discontinued penalization and have been followed up an average of 1(1/2) years. RESULTS: Twenty-six (93%) of the 28 patients showed an increase in best vision from that found at the conclusion of patching, and 2 patients maintained their vision at the initial level. The average visual acuity at the start of penalization was 20/50 (0.42+/-0.11 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [log MAR]). Final average visual acuity was 20/27 (0.15+/-0.12 log MAR). The average increase in vision was nearly 3 lines or 0.27+/-0.12 log MAR. CONCLUSION: OP alone (without the use of pharmacologic agents such as atropine) not only maintains vision after patching therapy, but also appears to improve the final visual outcome. 相似文献
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目的:考察盐酸特拉唑嗪胶囊的稳定性。方法:通过影响因素(强光照射、高温、高温),加速和留样考察实验,以含量为测定指标,考察胶囊的含量变化。结果:在温度40℃、60℃、光照3500LX及RH75%等因素影响下,胶囊的含量无明显变化。结论:在25℃时,通过经典恒温加速试验推测盐酸特拉唑嗪胶囊的失效期为2年。 相似文献
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Schwann cells are glial cells of peripheral nervous system, responsible for axonal myelination and ensheathing, as well as tissue repair following a peripheral nervous system injury. They are one of several cell types that are widely studied and most commonly used for cell transplantation to treat spinal cord injury, due to their intrinsic characteristics including the ability to secrete a variety of neurotrophic factors. This mini review summarizes the recent findings of endogenous Schwann cells after spinal cord injury and discusses their role in tissue repair and axonal regeneration. After spinal cord injury, numerous endogenous Schwann cells migrate into the lesion site from the nerve roots, involving in the construction of newly formed repaired tissue and axonal myelination. These invading Schwann cells also can move a long distance away from the injury site both rostrally and caudally. In addition, Schwann cells can be induced to migrate by minimal insults (such as scar ablation) within the spinal cord and integrate with astrocytes under certain circumstances. More importantly, the host Schwann cells can be induced to migrate into spinal cord by transplantation of different cell types, such as exogenous Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, and bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells. Migration of endogenous Schwann cells following spinal cord injury is a common natural phenomenon found both in animal and human, and the myelination by Schwann cells has been examined effective in signal conduction electrophysiologically. Therefore, if the inherent properties of endogenous Schwann cells could be developed and utilized, it would offer a new avenue for the restoration of injured spinal cord. 相似文献
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Teodoro Martín Noguerol Félix Paulano-Godino María Teresa Martín-Valdivia Christine O. Menias Antonio Luna 《Journal of the American College of Radiology》2019,16(9):1239-1247
Currently, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology, particularly machine learning (ML), has become a reality in clinical practice. Since the end of the last century, several ML algorithms have been introduced for a wide range of common imaging tasks, not only for diagnostic purposes but also for image acquisition and postprocessing. AI is now recognized to be a driving initiative in every aspect of radiology. There is growing evidence of the advantages of AI in radiology creating seamless imaging workflows for radiologists or even replacing radiologists. Most of the current AI methods have some internal and external disadvantages that are impeding their ultimate implementation in the clinical arena. As such, AI can be considered a portion of a business trying to be introduced in the health care market. For this reason, this review analyzes the current status of AI, and specifically ML, applied to radiology from the scope of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. 相似文献
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Malak Itani Ania Kielar Christine O. Menias Manjiri K. Dighe Venkat Surabhi Srinivasa R. Prasad Ryan O’Malley Kiran Gangadhar Neeraj Lalwani 《International urogynecology journal》2016,27(2):195-204
Introduction and hypothesis
Accurate diagnosis of a wide spectrum of urethral/periurethral pathologies in women remains challenging due to its anatomical location and nonspecific clinical presentations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the modality of choice for diagnosing female urethral and periurethral pathologies due to its multiplanar scanning capability, superior soft tissue differentiation, noninvasive nature, and overall excellent contrast resolution.Methods
In this narrative review, we describe the use of MRI to visualize the female urethra and periurethral pathologies.Results
MRI can confidently characterize lesions into cystic or solid, provide a more succinct differential diagnosis, and in some cases provide a specific and accurate diagnosis, enabling surgeons to prepare a roadmap before operative procedure. Moreover, functional MRI can be useful to assess dynamic disorders such as urethral hypermobility.Conclusions
We provide a comprehensive review of normal MR anatomy of the female urethra, as well as the MR features of practically important urethral and periurethral lesions.10.
Kristina?Flicek Awais?Ashfaq C.?Dan?Johnson Christine?Menias Sanjay?Bagaria Nabil?WasifEmail author 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2016,20(2):307-312