Demonstration of cardiac arrhythmias in multi-infarct dementia and ischemic stroke using Holter monitoring.]

The occurrence of the cardiac arrhythmias was estimated by using 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring in 30 patients with multi-infarct dementia and in 30 with ischaemic stroke. Holter monitoring revealed pathological cardiac arrhythmias in 36.7% patients with multi-infarct dementia and in 40% with single ischaemic focus in the brain. It also allowed to reveal more frequent occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with ischaemic stroke (40%), than standard ECG (17%).     

Angiographischer Nachweis und Embolisation einer hämodynamisch wirksamen Blutung aus der rechten Arteria dorsalis penis bei Symphysenruptur

Pelvic fractures are frequently complicated by concomitant vascular lacerations involving, particularly, branches originating from the internal iliac arteries. Massive hemorrhage may be difficult to be treated surgically. In such cases interventional radiology can be helpful and able to treat definitely extensive hemorrhage caused by pelvic trauma.     

Ruptur der langen Bizepssehne und operative Therapiestrategien

Zusammenfassung Die Ruptur der langen Bizepssehne beruht auf ihrer anatomischen Disposition und, bedingt durch die biomechanische Belastung, zu 90% auf degenerativen Veränderungen. In der Regel finden sich begleitende Verschleißschäden anderer Strukturen des Schultergelenks wie der Rotatorenmanschette. Es wird ein Überblick über die Häufigkeit und den Entstehungsmechanismus von Rupturen der langen Bizepssehne sowie gängige operative Behandlungskonzepte gegeben. Die Rolle und das anatomisch-funktionelle Prinzip der Sehne des Caput longum im komplexen dynamischen System des Schultergelenks werden erläutert. Eingang finden die klinische Symptomatik, Beschreibungen sowie Wertungen apparativer diagnostischer Verfahren. Der Stand derzeit etablierter Operationstechniken wird unter Darstellung von Vor- und Nachteilen beleuchtet und diskutiert. Des Weiteren werden die selbst favorisierte Methode und die gesammelten Erfahrungen dargestellt.     

Degree of Immunity Induced by Killed Vaccines to Experimental Salmonellosis in Mice

Killed vaccines, deoxycholate-extracted or heated, were shown to induce an effective degree of immunity which protected against death (100%), prevented extensive multiplication, and left the mice with low residual salmonella populations in spleen and liver after intravenous (iv) or intraperitoneal (ip) challenge with virulent Salmonella typhimurium. Protection was most effective against the ip challenge route and less effective against the iv route. A study of the kinetics of the population of bacteria in the spleens and livers of immunized animals showed that after ip challenge there was an initial reduction of 99% at 6 hr after challenge, maintenance of levels of less than 10(3) bacteria per organ, and a final population of 10(2) to 10(3) per organ at 21 days. With iv challenge, after an initial reduction of 90% at 6 hr, growth ensued to levels above 10(6) bacteria per organ until 8 days, followed by a steady decline yielding residual populations of 10(3) to 10(4) in some cases. Organ hypertrophy correlated with bacterial population. Morbidity was prevented (as measured by gain in body weight) by immunization against ip challenge but not against iv challenge. Killed vaccines protected by their ability to induce an immune state which reduced the initial challenge population, prevented extensive multiplication, yet allowed "cellular immunity" to develop due to response to the living challenge infection itself. The consequence was a low-level carrier state similar to that induced by recovery from sublethal virulent infection.     

Mutations and polymorphisms in the human ornithine transcarbamylase gene

Deletions of variable size involving one or more exons, 29 different missense, nonsense, or frameshift mutations, and three polymorphisms have been found in patients with ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. Most of the deletions and mutations were found in patients with severe disease manifested clinically as acute neonatal hyperammonemia. A small number of mutations or somatic mosaicism for deletions were found in males with “late onset” disease and in heterozygous females who were symptomatic. Approximately 10–15% of all molecular alterations associated with OTC defi ciency are large deletions involving all or part of the OTC gene with or without contiguous genes on the short arm of the X chromosome. Approximately 10% of all point mutations involve the CpG dinucleotide of codon 141 with a CGA→CAA transition producing a deleterious Arg→Gln substitu tion in position 109 of the mature enzyme and causing the elimination of a TaqI recognition site. The majority of the remaining mutations in the OTC gene are unique to the affected family and are usually not found in unrelated patients. To date, two mutations have been described in the sequence of the “leader” peptide, 23 mutations have been found in the coding sequence of the “mature” enzyme, and four mutations have been discovered in splicing recognition sites. Approximately 20 single base polymorphisms have been postulated to exist by comparing two reported OTC gene sequences; six of these substitutions cause amino acid changes of which three have been confirmed in patients. Of the known point mutations, 27 are single base substitutions: 17 missense, 6 nonsense, 4 splice site, and the remaining 2 are single base deletions. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.