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1.
In inbred strains of mice, antiphosphorylcholine (PC) and anti-α1,3 dextran (DEX). antibodies
are structurally distinct from each other and have been shown to exhibit noncrossreactive
antigen binding and idiotypic specificities. However, the prototype anti-PC and
anti-DEX antibodies, TEPC15 and J558, respectively, were shown to be connected via a
common autoantiidiotypic monoclonal antibody isolated from newborn BALB/c mice. The
capacity of various monoclonal anti-PC and anti-DEX antibodies as well as the antigens PC
and DEX to modulate T15 and J558 idiotypes in BALB/c mice was tested by their administration
to newborn mice. Anti-PC antibodies of the .T15 idiotype injected into 2-4-day-old
mice, at a time when T15 anti-PC precursors develop in BALB/c mice, suppressed the anti-
PC response of these mice at 6 weeks of age. Similarly, J558 antibodies injected into 8-12-day-old mice, at a time when J558 precursors normally develop, suppressed the response to
DEX. As a further demonstration of this connectivity, the injection of J558 into 4-day-old
mice led to a down modulation of T15 idiotype, whereas both T15 and a minor idiotypeexpressing
antibody M167 when injected into 8-12-day-old mice caused a reduction in
expression of the J558 idiotype. As predicted from in vitro analysis, injection of anti-PC
antibodies of the M167 idiotype 2 to 4 days after birth enhanced the subsequent response to
PC. However, anti-PC antibodies expressing another minor M603 idiotype did not affect the
PC. response. The results parallel the in vitro enhancement of M167 antibodies but not M603
on T15 binding to antiidiotype in vitro. Similarly, anti-DEX antibodies expressing the M104E
idiotype had no detectable effects on the capacity to respond to PC or DEX or on the expression
of T15 and J558 idiotypes as adults. Exposure of newborn mice to PC led to a dramatic
reduction in the response to DEX as adults, whereas exposure to DEX at this stage of
development had no effect on response to PC as adults. Collectively, these observations provide
evidence for a complex functional connectivity between T15 and J558 idiotype-bearing B
cells during ontogeny and extend our previous observations that development of these idiotypes
is regulated by idiotype-directed interactions between B cells or their immunoglobulin
products. 相似文献
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3.
Ali Azarm Ismet Lukolic Meenal Shukla Ronald Concha-Parra Frank Gress 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2012,57(12):3055-3064
Barrett??s esophagus (BE) is a well-known premalignant condition that can be associated with the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. In the past, esophagectomy was the standard treatment for patients with BE with high grade dysplasia (HGD) and early cancer (EC). However, esophagectomy is not necessarily the only treatment response to HGD and EC anymore. Over the past decade, a number of endoscopic therapies have been developed for management of BE. These include endoscopic mucosal resection, thermal ablation techniques that use laser irradiation, multipolar electrocoagulation, argon plasma coagulation, photodynamic therapy, and the recently developed cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation. 相似文献
4.
We report anaesthesia management of a parturient with severe thrombocytopenia secondary to immune thrombocytopenic purpura
(ITP). Her platelet count remained around 3 × 109/l in spite of optimum medical therapy and hence was posted for splenectomy combined with caesarean section. Anaesthesia implications
of severe thrombocytopenia comprises risk of central nervous system bleeding, perioperative haemorrhage causing placental
hypoperfusion and foetal hypoxia, risk of trauma to compromised airway and risk of epidural haematoma. The purpose of this
paper is to discuss the risk factors associated, different management strategies and also to review the literature in an attempt
to ameliorate the anaesthesiologist in perioperative management of these cases. 相似文献
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Background: Reports indicate patients with feeding difficulties demonstrate signs of inflammation on biopsies, notably eosinophilia, but it is unknown whether mast cell density contributes to variety or volume limitation symptoms. The aim of our study was to evaluate eosinophil and mast cell density of EGD biopsies in pediatric patients with symptoms of decreased volume or variety of ingested foods. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review of EMRs for all new feeding clinic patients between 0 and 17 years of age. Patients were categorized by symptoms at the initial visit as well as eosinophil and mast cell densities in those with EGD biopsies. Ten patients were identified as controls. Results: We identified 30 patients each with volume and variety limitation. Antral mast cell density was increased in 32.1% of variety-limited patients, 37.5% of volume limited patients, and in no controls; Duodenal mast cell density was increased in 32.1% of variety-limited patients, 40.6% of volume-limited patients, and in no controls. Conclusions: In both variety- and volume-limited patients, antral and duodenal mast cell densities were increased. These associations warrant further investigation of the mechanism between mast cells and development of feeding difficulties, allowing more targeted pediatric therapies. 相似文献
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Tom Luster Desiree B. Qin Laura Bates Deborah J. Johnson Meenal Rana 《Family relations》2008,57(4):444-456
Abstract: The Lost Boys of Sudan were separated from their families by civil war and subsequently lived in 3 other countries—Ethiopia, Kenya, and the United States. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 10 refugees who located surviving family members in Sudan after an average separation of 13.7 years. The interviews probed their experiences of ambiguous loss, relationships in the refugee camps, the search for family, and reestablishing relationships with family members living on another continent. With guidance from elders, peer groups functioned as surrogate families until the youth reestablished relationships with surviving members of their biological families. 相似文献
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