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排序方式: 共有97条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Kyelem D Medlock J Sanou S Bonkoungou M Boatin B Molyneux DH 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》2005,10(10):1002-1004
Ivermectin has been and continues to be extensively used to control onchocerciasis in areas of hyper and mesoendemicity within the African Programme of Onchocerciasis Control. As programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti expand, areas of coendemicity with onchocerciasis will be incorporated into LF programmes. This study reports that in villages which were hyperendemic for onchocerciasis after some 14 years of treatment with ivermectin, no W. bancrofti could be detected in a population of 1210 individuals whilst in adjacent villages a prevalence of around 3% was found. Despite the long period of ivermectin treatment Mansonella perstans did not appear to respond to ivermectin in this setting. 相似文献
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A review of the invasive mosquitoes in Europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Medlock JM Hansford KM Schaffner F Versteirt V Hendrickx G Zeller H Van Bortel W 《Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)》2012,12(6):435-447
There has been growing interest in Europe in recent years in the establishment and spread of invasive mosquitoes, notably the incursion of Aedes albopictus through the international trade in used tires and lucky bamboo, with onward spread within Europe through ground transport. More recently, five other non-European aedine mosquito species have been found in Europe, and in some cases populations have established locally and are spreading. Concerns have been raised about the involvement of these mosquito species in transmission cycles of pathogens of public health importance, and these concerns were borne out following the outbreak of chikungunya fever in Italy in 2007, and subsequent autochthonous cases of dengue fever in France and Croatia in 2010. This article reviews current understanding of all exotic (five introduced invasive and one intercepted) aedine species in Europe, highlighting the known import pathways, biotic and abiotic constraints for establishment, control strategies, and public health significance, and encourages Europe-wide surveillance for invasive mosquitoes. 相似文献
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Maternal administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor improves neonatal rat survival after a lethal group B streptococcal infection 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Novales JS; Salva AM; Modanlou HD; Kaplan DL; del Castillo J; Andersen J; Medlock ES 《Blood》1993,81(4):923-927
Maternally administered recombinant human granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) has been shown to cross the placenta and induce a peripheral neutrophilia and increases in the marrow and spleen neutrophil storage pools in fetal and newborn rats. In the present study, we have used this model system to investigate the efficacy of prenatally administered rhG-CSF on neonatal defense to a lethal challenge with Group B-beta hemolytic Streptococcus (GBS). Pregnant rats were injected with rhG-CSF twice daily beginning 6 days before parturition. At birth, all pups were infected with a dose of GBS that is lethal for 90% of infected pups (LD90). Survival was monitored daily for 5 days. Survival of infected pups from saline-treated mothers beyond 60 hours after infection was 10%. No difference in survival was observed among pups from mothers treated 2 and 4 days before parturition. In contrast, we determined that survival was 82.5% among infected pups from mothers treated for 6 days before parturition with rhG-CSF. Our results demonstrate that maternal administration of rhG- CSF augments neonatal defenses against a lethal bacterial challenge. 相似文献
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Objectives
This article aimed to review all literature on drought and vector-borne disease to enable an assessment of the possible impact of drought on the changing risk of vector-borne diseases in the UK.Study design
A systematic literature review was performed.Methods
Using a search strategy developed from a combination of terms for drought and selected outcomes, the authors systematically reviewed all available literature from 1990 to 2012 on the impact of drought on vector-borne diseases. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. After reviewing the abstracts, 38 articles were found to fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results
Evidence found drought followed by re-wetting can have a substantial effect on water table levels, vegetation, and aquatic predators; all factors which influence mosquito populations. Several studies found an association between a drought during the previous year and West Nile virus incidence. Urban mosquito vectors of dengue virus and chikungunya virus are adaptable by nature and are able to exploit a multitude of additional aquatic habitats created as a response to drought (i.e. water storage containers). Tick populations are likely to be negatively affected by drought as they are dependent upon high levels of humidity and soil moisture.Conclusions
Further research is needed to identify public health interventions and environmental control measures for an invasive mosquito problem or arthropod-borne disease outbreak in the UK. 相似文献7.
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Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement is the standard treatment for patients with hydrocephalus or increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Many patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts require subsequent surgery. Increasingly, this surgery is performed laparoscopically. We describe externalizing the ventriculoperitoneal shunt outside the abdomen in a patient undergoing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. 相似文献
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Carrion E Hertzog JH Medlock MD Hauser GJ Dalton HJ 《Archives of disease in childhood》2001,84(1):68-71
Acetazolamide (ACTZ), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, has been shown to decrease cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production in both in vivo and in vitro animal models. We report two children with hydrocephalus who experienced multiple shunt failures, and who had externalised ventriculostomy drains (EVD) prior to ventriculopleural shunt placement. The effects of increasing doses of ACTZ on CSF production and subsequent tolerance to ventriculopleural shunts were evaluated. The patients had a 48% and a 39% decrease in their EVD CSF output when compared to baseline with maximum ACTZ dose of 75 mg/kg/day and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively (p < 0.05). This is the first report of change in CSF volume in children after extended treatment with ACTZ. ACTZ treatment in mechanically ventilated paediatric patients with hydrocephalus may improve tolerance of ventriculopleural shunts and minimise respiratory compromise. Potassium and bicarbonate supplements are required to correct metabolic disturbances. 相似文献