Complex open elbow fracture Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB treated with the primary elbow arthroplasty: A case report

Total elbow arthroplasty as a treatment option for open elbow fracture is relatively rare described. We reported a 39 years old polytrauma patient with complex open elbow fracture (Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB). The patient presented with large soft tissues defect on dorsal part of the left elbow, ulnar palsy due to the irreparable loss of the ulnar nerve, distal triceps loss due to the complete loss of the olecranon, loss of both humeral condyles with collateral ligaments and complex elbow instability. Only few similar cases have been published. Reconstructive surgery included repetitive radical debridement, irrigation, vacuum assisted closure system therapy, external fixation, coverage of the soft tissue defect with fascia ecutaneous flap from the forearm. Four months after the injury, total elbow arthroplasty with autologous bone graft (from the proximal radius) inserted in the ulnar component, was performed. At 3 years postoperatively, the patient is able to perform an active flexion from 0 to 110 with full pronosupination. Only passive extension is allowed. The ulnar neuropathy is persistent. Patient has no signs of infection or loosening of the prosthesis.     

Single-Molecule hsTnI and Short-Term Risk in Stable Patients With Chest Pain

Background

Evaluation of stable symptomatic outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) may be challenging because they have a wide range of cardiovascular risk. The role of troponin testing to assist clinical decision making in this setting is unexplored.

周围血白细胞的复制型丙型肝炎病毒RNA的检测及临床意义

用简并引物作套式反转录。聚合酶链反应检测正、负链丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）ＲＮＡ。显示３０例急、慢性丙型肝炎患者的血清及血浆中，７例无症状抗－ＨＣＶ阳性者的血清、血浆及周围血白细胞（ＰＢＬ／Ｃ）中，均未检出负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ。慢性丙型肝炎者ＰＢＩ（中正、负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的检出率高于急性丙型肝炎及无症状抗－ＨＣＶ阳性者（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）。１７例经肝组织学检查的患者中，急性肝炎（ＡＨ）者ＰＢＬ／Ｃ的正、负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检出率低于慢性活动性肝炎（ＣＡＨ）者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１例ＡＨ及６例ＣＡＨ患者肝组织内正、负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ全部阳性。证实丙型肝炎患者的ＰＢＬ／Ｃ确可被ＨＣＶ感染，病程越长，被ＨＣＶ感染的可能性越大；病情活动者，ＰＢＬ／Ｃ中负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的检出率越高。提示ＨＣＶ不仅可以感染ＰＢＬＣ，而且可在其中复制；负链ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的出现与病情活动有关。     

Cell cycle analysis can differentiate thin melanomas from dysplastic nevi and reveals accelerated replication in thick melanomas

Cell replication integrates aberrations of cell cycle regulation and diverse upstream pathways which all can contribute to melanoma development and progression. In this study, cell cycle regulatory proteins were detected in situ in benign and malignant melanocytic tumors to allow correlation of major cell cycle fractions (G1, S-G2, and G2-M) with melanoma evolution. Dysplastic nevi expressed early cell cycle markers (cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2; Cdk2) significantly more (p?<?0.05) than common nevi. Post-G1 phase markers such as cyclin A, geminin, topoisomerase IIα (peaking at S-G2) and aurora kinase B (peaking at G2-M) were expressed in thin (≤1 mm) melanomas but not in dysplastic nevi, suggesting that dysplastic melanocytes engaged in the cell cycle do not complete replication and remain arrested in G1 phase. In malignant melanomas, the expression of general and post-G1 phase markers correlated well with each other implying negligible cell cycle arrest. Post-G1 phase markers and Ki67 but none of the early markers cyclin D1, Cdk2 or minichromosome maintenance protein 6 (Mcm6) were expressed significantly more often in thick (>1 mm) than in thin melanomas. Marker expression did not differ between metastatic melanomas and thick melanomas, with the exception of aurora kinase A of which the expression was higher in metastatic melanomas. Combined detection of cyclin A (post-G1 phase) with Mcm6 (replication licensing) and Ki67 correctly classified thin melanomas and dysplastic nevi in 95.9 % of the original samples and in 93.2 % of cross-validated grouped cases at 89.5 % sensitivity and 92.6 % specificity. Therefore, cell cycle phase marker detection can indicate malignancy in early melanocytic lesions and accelerated cell cycle progression during vertical melanoma growth.