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Background/Aim:

Previous studies have shown the association of some genetic factors, such as Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism, with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to study this polymorphism as a risk factor in IBD patients in this cohort.

Patients and Methods:

One hundred and fifteen IBD patients and 95 healthy controls were selected from Iranian Azeri Turks and -6754G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 gene was tested by polymerase chain reaction using allele-specific primers confirmed by sequencing.

Results:

There was no significant difference of PAI-1 polymorphism between IBD patients and the control group (P > 0.05). Furthermore, these data showed no significant difference between Crohn''s disease and ulcerative colitis patients. However, 4G/4G homozygotes have reduced probability to progression of loss of appetite, whereas 5G/5G genotypes have increased risk for development of chronic diarrhea without blood, nausea, and loss of appetite.

Conclusions:

Although our study showed no significant association of PAI-1 polymorphism between patients and control group, the carriers of 4G/4G genotype and 4G allele had reduced risk for the progression of IBD features in this cohort.  相似文献   
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Low level exposure to lead increases blood pressure in human and rats. In this study, we investigated the contribution of the nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase pathways of aortic rings of 28-day lead-treated and control rats, to the responsiveness to phenylephrine and acetylcholine. There were no differences in phenylephrine contractions between the two groups. N(omega)-nitro-L-Arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO synthase inhibitor, caused attenuation in contraction response to phenylephrine in the aortic rings of the lead-treated rats, while endothelium-denudation caused attenuation in those of controls. This may be due to either endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor(s) (such as reactive oxygen species or endothelins) or a source of NO in smooth muscle cells. There is a left-shift in acetylcholine relaxation response. Indomethacin incubation caused a left-shift in relaxation response to acetylcholine in controls but without any effect on lead-treated ones. Indomethacin incubation caused attenuation in contraction to phenylephrine in both groups. The relaxation response to sodium nitroprusside is not different between the two groups, suggesting that smooth muscle relaxation component is intact. However, the relaxation response to glyceryl trinitrate is impaired in aortic rings of lead-treated rats. It can be concluded that NO and cyclooxygenase pathways are altered in aortic rings of lead-treated rats, with possible involvement of endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors.  相似文献   
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This is a report on the double-blind study on EMG biofeedback for 37 narcotic addicts in an outpatient methadone clinic. Patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (N = 24) receiving a contingent EMG biofeedback or a control group (N = 13) receiving non-contingent preaped “pseudo-biofeedback”. All patients were stabilized on a study dose of methadone and the mean daily amount did not differ between groups. All were experiencing a significant degree of anxiety at the time of evaluation. The evaluation consisted of the patient's self-report, which comprised the Beck Depression Inventory, anxiety checklist, withdrawal sickness rating, drug references, and the psychiatrist's rating of depression, namely the Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and BPRS. In addition, an evaluation of progress was obtained from the patient and his counselor which included the current job or school status and brief ratings of drug use, psychiatric symptoms, social adjustment, and illegal activity. All patients had at least one urine sample analyzed weekly for illicit drug use. Evaluation was done at the beginning, and at the end of the treatment and at a follow-up one month later.Termination status was assessed only for subjects who completed the course of 15 biofeedback sessions (N = 19). Patients attended five sessions per week for thirty minutes just prior to receiving the methadone. Fifteen sessions were scheduled over a three-week period. The results indicated that the two study groups did not differ and there was a significant improvement (p < 0.05) on several variables for the total patient sample. All the psychiatric ratings of anxiety, depression, psychopathology were significantly reduced. In addition, self-rated craving for narcotics and self-rated anxiety were lower and there were fewer drug avoidance responses on the sentence completion test. But there were no meaningful differences in the two groups in improvement as reflected in the psychometric instruments.  相似文献   
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Purpose

Obesity and biochemical parameters of metabolic disorders are both closely related to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to compare sleep architecture and OSA in obese children with and without metabolic syndrome.

Methods

Forty-two children with metabolic syndrome were selected as case group and 38 children without metabolic syndrome were matched for age, sex, and BMI as control group. The standardized Persian version of bedtime problems, excessive daytime sleepiness, awakenings during the night, regularity and duration of sleep, snoring (BEARS) and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaires were completed, and polysomnography (PSG) was performed for all study subjects. Scoring was performed using the manual of American Academy of Sleep Medicine for children. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, T test, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regression analysis.

Results

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and N1 stage in the case group were significantly longer than the control group, while REM sleep was significantly shorter. Waking after sleep onset (WASO) was significantly different between two groups. Severe OSA was more frequent in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that severe OSA (OR 21.478, 95 % CI 2.160–213.600; P = 0.009) and REM sleep (OR 0.856, 95 % CI 0.737–0.994; P = 0.041) had independent association with metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions

Obese children with metabolic syndrome had increased WASO, N1 sleep stage, and severe OSA. But the results regarding sleep architecture are most likely a direct result of OSA severity. More longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the association of metabolic syndrome and OSA.

  相似文献   
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Objective: A long persistent of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) infection may develop liver cirrhosis or hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) and about one million people die due to HBV -related liver cancer and end-stage liver disease annuallyworldwide. The natural history of CHB phases comprises four phases: immune tolerant (HBeAg detectable and ALT(Alanine Transaminase) normal, HBeAg-positive immune active (HBeAg detectable, anti-HBe antibodies undetectableand ALT persistently elevated), HBeAg-negative immune active (HBeAg undetectable, anti-HBe antibodies presentand ALT persistently elevated), inactive carrier (HBeAg undetectable, anti-HBe antibodies present and ALT normal).The evaluation of chronic hepatitis B phases is a crucial to manage the burden of disease and limit the developmentof associated complications, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus this study conducted toevaluate the natural history of HBV infection in patients with chronic HBV infection in Ahvaz city, Iran. Methods: Inthis study, 71 non-treated CHB individuals were recruited including 44 (62%) males and 27(38%) females. The serawere tested for HBV markers, HBsAg, HBcIgG, HBeAg, and HBeAb. ALT assay and HBV viral load were carried outfor each CHB individual. Results: Based on the analysis of serological, ALT status and viral load, the results showed:immune tolerance 5(7%), eAg+ Immune Clearance 14(19.7%), eAg- Immune Clearance 29 (40.84%) and InactiveCarrier 23 (32.39%). The HBeAg seroconversion was observed in a male age 18 year. Conclusion: The results ofthe natural history of individuals with chronic hepatitis B phases CHB shows immune tolerance (7%), eAg+ ImmuneClearance (19.7%), eAg- Immune Clearance (40.84%) and Inactive Carrier (32.39%). To prevent the consequence ofCHB infection, an individual in immune tolerance phase should be tested periodically for ALT level, HBV markers,HBsAg, HBcIgG, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBV viral load. Then decision-making therapy can be applied for CHB patientsat early stage of immune clearance.  相似文献   
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Background: It seems that polymorphism in the regulatory areas of cytokine genes affects the cytokine production capacity and may play a role in the development of infectious diseases. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are cytokines of Th2, cause the macrophage become inactive and patient conditions get worse.

Methods: In this case‐control study, 60 patients with brucellosis and 60 healthy participants were recruited. IL-10 genotyping at positions -1082 (G/A), -819 (C/T), and -592 (C/A) and IL-6 genotyping at position -174 (G/C) were analyzed by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) methods. The levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera of study population.

Results: The AA and CC genotypes of the IL-10 gene at positions -1082 G/A and -819 C/T were significantly more frequent in patients in comparison to controls, respectively. The AG genotype of the IL-10 gene at positions -1082 G/A was significantly more frequent in control groups than the patients. Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were significantly more frequent in the patients than in the control groups.

Conclusions: Our study showed that the AA and CC genotypes at positions -1082 and -819 are very important, respectively. These results suggest that IL-10 (-1082 G/A) GG genotype may be considered as a risk factor for brucellosis, while the AG genotype might be a protective factor against the disease.  相似文献   

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