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R. M. Thushara M. Hemshekhar K. Kemparaju K. S. Rangappa S. Devaraja K. S. Girish 《Archives of toxicology》2014,88(2):185-198
The surfacing of the applied fields of biology such as, biotechnology, pharmacology and drug discovery was a boon to the modern man. However, it had its share of disadvantages too. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and other biological drugs resulted in numerous adverse reactions including thrombocytopenia. One of the reasons for drug-induced thrombocytopenia could be attributed to an enhanced rate of platelet apoptosis, which is a less investigated aspect. The present essay sheds light on the adverse (pro-apoptotic) effects of some of the commonly used drugs and antibiotics on platelets viz. cisplatin, aspirin, vancomycin and balhimycin. Furthermore, the undesirable reactions resulting from chemotherapy could be attributed at least to some extent to the systemic stress induced by microparticles, which in turn are the byproducts of platelet apoptosis. Thereby, the essay aims to highlight the challenges in the emerging trend of cross-disciplinary implications, i.e., drug-induced platelet apoptosis, which is a nascent field. Thus, the different mechanisms through which drugs induce platelet apoptosis are discussed, which also opens up a new perspective through which the adverse effects of commonly used drugs could be dealt. The drug-associated platelet toxicity is of grave concern and demands immediate attention. Besides, it would also be appealing to examine the platelet pro-apoptotic effects of other commonly used therapeutic drugs. 相似文献
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Mehrbod Javadi Mahadevappa Mahesh Gerald McBride Corina Voicu William Epley Jennifer Merrill Frank M. Bengel MD 《Journal of nuclear cardiology》2008,15(6):783-790
Background. Reduction of radiation exposure from computed tomography coronary angiography (CTA) will be a key factor for more liberal
use in cardiac hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT). We report our initial experience with a
new algorithm for low-dose CTA based on a prospectively gated step-and-shoot technique. This limits acquisition to the diastolic
phase and minimizes exposure time versus the previous standard of retrospectively gated helical acquisitions.
Methods and Results. In 15 consecutive patients referred for integrated functional and morphologic workup by rubidium 82 perfusion PET-CTA, step-and-shoot
CTA (SnapShot Pulse; GE Medical Systems) (120 kV, 600–800 mA) was acquired on a 64-slice GE Discovery Rx VCT PET-CT scanner
and compared with a group of patients with conventional helical CTA (120 kV, with modulation of the milliampere level) who
were matched with regard to clinical variables. Effective dose was estimated from dose-length product. The American Heart
Association 15-segment coronary tree model was used to determine study interpretability. Potential for fusion with Rb-82 perfusion
PET was tested by use of commercial software. In addition, direct dose measurements were conducted by use of an anthropomorphic
phantom for more accurate dosimetry. The dose-length product-derived effective patient dose for step-and-shoot and helical
CTA was 5.5±0.1 mSv versus 20.5±3.5 mSv (P<.0001). The mean number of evaluable segments per patient for the best phase of helical CTA was 12.5±2.8 (83.3%±18.7%) versus
13.3±2.2 (88.7%±14.7%) (P=not significant vs helical) for step-and-shoot CTA. Review of multiple phases increased the number for helical CTA to 13.7±1.7
(91.3%±11.3%;P=not significant vs step-and-shoot CTA, for which this was not an option). Semiautomated fusion with corresponding PET was
feasible for all studies. Phantom data confirm effective doses of 5.4 mSv for step-and-shoot CTA and 19.6 mSv for helical
acquisition.
Conclusions. Low-dose prospectively gated CTA reduces radiation exposure by nearly 70% versus the previous standard of helical acquisition,
without significant loss in interpretability and integrative potential with Rb-82 perfusion PET. This represents a step toward
a broader, routine integration of CTA and perfusion PET for assessment of coronary morphology and physiology by cardiac PET-CT. 相似文献
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