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1.
CTLA4-Ig是一种融合免疫球蛋白,可以选择性地阻断CD28与B7的信号传导通路,导致T细胞免疫失能,诱导对特异性抗原的免疫耐受. 本文介绍了其生物学特性、免疫诱导耐受机制及在异体移植方面的研究进展和局限性,其在异体移植方面展示了良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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新生儿和儿童乙肝免疫 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
陈仕珠 《世界华人消化杂志》2006,14(27):2708-2712
自1991年WHO提出将乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)疫苗纳入新生儿计划免疫以来,绝大多数国家新生儿HBV疫苗接种覆盖率平均在90%以上,婴儿HBV疫苗接种覆盖率为85%-99%.我国HBsAg携带率从10.19%下降到0.2%-3.2%.不同地区新生儿和儿童全程接种率、首针及时接种率、免疫覆盖率差异较大.对不同新生儿和儿童HB免疫尚需注意的问题如HBV疫苗接种程序和接种剂量,早产、低体质量儿的免疫接种,HBsAg阳性母亲子女的免疫接种和母乳喂养,抗-HBs保护时间和加强免疫问题. 相似文献
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Summary The venous architecture in donor flaps was observed in 17 fresh cadavers by injection of latex or ink into the vessels or by making corrosion-cast specimens. The pattern of the veins resembles that of the arteries, with the difference that there is another set of venous trunks which do not accompany the arteries. Because these trunks are of larger caliber, they are the main drainage route for flaps. There are three types of drainage based on the anatomical architecture: 1) the superficial trunk is the main drainage path; 2) the deep trunk is the main path; 3) both superficial and deep veins are involved. These morphological considerations are the basis for selection of veins for anastomosis in microsurgery. The axial veins in temporal, frontal and facial flaps on the dorsum of the hand and the foot usually loosely accompany the axial arteries. The characteristics of these vascular pedicules should be studied in transplant operation.
Bases anatomiques du drainage veineux des lambeaux cutanés libres
Résumé Le drainage veineux des lambeaux cutanés libres a été étudié sur 17 cadavres frais par injection de latex ou d'encre dans les vaisseaux, ou en réalisant des moulages par injection-corrosion. La distribution des veines ressemble à celle des artères à la différence près qu'il existe des troncs veineux qui n'accompagnent pas les artères. Ces troncs ont un calibre plus important et représentent une voie de drainage principale pour les lambeaux. On peut individualiser trois types de drainages basés sur l'architecture veineuse : 1. Le tronc superficiel est la principale voie de drainage ; 2. le tronc profond est la principale voie; 3. les veines superficielles et profondes sont impliquées simultanément. Ces considérations morphologiques sont les bases de la sélection des axes veineux pour les anastomoses en micro-chirurgie. Les veines axiales au niveau temporal, frontal et facial et pour les lambeaux de la face dorsale de la main et du pied sont habituellement relativement éloignées du trajet artériel. Les caractéristiques de ces pédicules veineux doivent être précisées pour la réalisation des lambeaux.相似文献
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SZ Koh HY Tiong S Wang K Madhavan 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2013,95(4):e71-e74
Solitary fibrous tumours are infrequent neoplasms based in the pleura that are predominantly benign with malignant pathology and behaviour described in 10–36% of cases. Extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumours (ESFTs) have been considered separately to their intrathoracic counterparts and comprise a third of all solitary fibrous tumours. The extrathoracic location was identified as an adverse prognostic factor for local recurrence but not for metastatic disease. So far, there have not been any reports of solitary fibrous tumours demonstrating caval infiltration. We present a case of a benign ESFT infiltrating into the perirenal inferior vena cava. Together with extrauterine leiomyomas, ESFTs should also be considered as a differential diagnosis for the rare benign lesions invading the inferior vena cava. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT. Free carnitine was significantly (p<0.001) reduced both in the ketotic (29.7±3.4 nmol/ml) and in the ketoacidotic (24.6±1.4 nmol/ml) groups when compared to controls (50.0±2.4 nmol/ml). At the same time, acylcarnitine values in the ketotic (21.2±2.4 nmol/ml) and ketoacidotic (25.4±2.3 nmol/ml) groups were significantly above the control value (4.71±0.6 nmol/ml). There was no significant difference between the two ketotic groups in carnitine derivatives. The abnormal distribution of plasma free and acylcarnitines could be reversed by insulin treatment. There was an inverse correlation between ketone body levels and free carnitine in the ketotic (r =-0.71, p<0.02) and ketoacidotic group (r =-0.71, p<0.05). However, there was no correlation between ketone bodies and acylcarnitine and between free carnitine and acylcarnitines. We concluded that the increased acylation was only partly responsible for the reduction of free carnitine in diabetic ketosis. 相似文献
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F Haque ST Fazal SA Ahmad SZ Abbas S Naseem 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2006,50(1):63-65
Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the skull is an exceedingly rare condition. An adult male patient is described, who had a painless swelling in the right forehead that had rapidly enlarged in the previous 6 months. Radiological investigations showed a large destructive mass lesion involving the right side of the frontal bone with extension into the frontal sinus, causing marked extradural compression of brain parenchyma. Histopathological examination confirmed the lesion to be primary osteogenic sarcoma. 相似文献
8.
Lepej J Spisiaková D Hrnciar J Okapcová J Szentivanyi M Kurray P 《Vnitr?ní lékar?ství》2000,46(4):205-212
Insulin resistance syndrom (IR) is often associated with the syndrome of microvascular angina pectoris (MVAP) or with coronary artery disease (CAD). The authors quantified distribution and washout of 201Tl in heart (C), lungs (L) and liver (H) to evaluate the results 201Tl stress (s) and redistribution SPECT in 50 patients. They compared 2 groups of patients with laboratory verified IR (MVAP and CAD) and control group (CG) of patients with normal coronarography without any symptoms of IR. In Patients with IR and MVAP were found significantly more frequent local perfusion abnormalities then in CG. The index sL/C calculated by ROI analysis is significantly lower in controls, then in CAD. The index sC/H is lower in patients with IR (MVAP significantly) then in CG. The washout of 201Tl in CAD myocardium decreased and in MVAP liver increased. 201thalium scintigraphy is useful for separation of patients with MVAP and local perfusion abnormalities. This findings had probably prognostic value in patients with IR. 相似文献
9.
Increased numbers of CD38 molecules on bright CD8+ T lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Zidovec Lepej S Vince A Dakovic Rode O Remenar A Jeren T 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2003,133(3):384-390
The aim of this study was to quantify the expression of CD38 on CD8+ T lymphocytes of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). CD38 quantification technique chosen for this study was based on the enumeration of CD38 antibody binding sites in comparison to the quantification standards rather than determining relative fluorescence, which is difficult to standardize. The study enrolled 19 patients with typical clinical and laboratory parameters compatible with EBV-induced IM as well as 10 patients with atypical clinical presentation of this disease. Furthermore, CD38 expression was analysed in a group of 13 patients with IM caused by CMV infection. CD38 quantification was performed within 6 days of the presentation of symptoms. All three groups of IM patients showed a statistically significant increase in the number of anti-CD38 antibody binding sites (which correspond to the number of CD38 molecules) on bright CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to healthy controls. The numbers of CD38 molecules expressed on CD8+ T lymphocytes did not differ significantly between IM patients with typical and atypical clinical presentation of the disease. Patients with CMV-induced IM had significantly lower numbers of CD38 molecules expressed on CD8+ T lymphocytes. Therefore, we conclude that CD38 quantification could be helpful in differential diagnostics of IM cases with atypical clinical presentation. 相似文献
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