包含颈外静脉的颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复口腔癌切除后缺损

目的探讨将颈外静脉包含在颈阔肌肌皮瓣内修复口腔癌切除后缺损的手术方法。方法先形成蒂在颌缘下包含颈外静脉的颈阔肌肌皮瓣，待口腔肿瘤切除后，将肌皮瓣经口底隧道引入口腔修复缺损。结果临床应用17例，肌皮瓣均无血运障碍，100％存活，其中有2例发生口面痿，经换药后痿口完全闭合。结论将颈外静脉包含在颈阔肌肌皮瓣内有助于肌皮瓣血循环的改善和存活率的提高。     

Relationship of AIDS-related attitudes to sexual behavior changes in adolescents.

The impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic on a group of adolescents was investigated by surveying 197 sexually active, predominantly African-American, urban high school students. Reported sexual behavior changes were evaluated in relation to AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes. Over 50% of the students decreased their frequency of sexual activity, increased their condom use, and/or decreased their number of partners. These students had significantly higher scores on a measure of worry about vulnerability to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection than those whose behavior had not changed. AIDS knowledge, AIDS beliefs, and AIDS-related anxiety interacted with gender to affect sexual behavior change. Male students reporting decreased frequency of sexual activity, for example, had more accurate beliefs about AIDS than males reporting no decrease. Among female students, however, those reporting decreased frequency had less accurate beliefs than those reporting no decrease. These results highlight the importance of considering gender and specific sexual behaviors when designing AIDS education interventions.     

恶性淋巴瘤自体造血干细胞移植后复发的研究进展

自体造血干细胞移植 (ASCT)是治疗复发性、难治性和侵袭性恶性淋巴瘤的有效方法 ,但因存在体内肿瘤细胞负荷过多和移植物被肿瘤细胞污染 ,使移植后的复发率增高。为了提高ASCT的疗效 ,可采取 :①移植前美罗华体内净化 ,除去外周血B细胞 ,清除移植物的肿瘤细胞污染 ;②移植后用美罗华和非交叉耐药药物交替联合化疗 ,以杀伤体内肿瘤细胞 ;③移植前或后累及野放射治疗 (IFRT)辅助 ,降低原发灶的复发率     

莱菔硫烷对ox-LDL诱导血小板活化的抑制作用

目的：探讨莱菔硫烷（sulforaphane,SFN）对氧化低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low-density lipoprotein,ox-LDL）诱导血小板活化的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法：在体外实验中,将健康人纯化血小板与不同浓度的SFN(1.0、2.5、5.0μmol/L)共同孵育40 min,然后用ox-LDL激活血小板20 min,并检测血小板活化的指标,包括CD62P的表达、胞内血小板因子4(platelet factor4,PF4)和趋化因子配体5(chemokine ligand 5,CCL5)的释放水平。机制上,用Western blot蛋白免疫印迹法检测血小板肉瘤酪氨酸激酶（sarcoma tyrosine kinase,Src）及其下游的脾酪氨酸激酶（spleen tyrosine kinase,Syk）磷酸化水平;用活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）检测试剂盒测定胞内总ROS水平。结果：ox-LDL诱导的血小板CD62P的表达以及PF4和CCL5的释放水平均可被SFN显著抑制（P <0.05）;SFN显著下调ox-LD...     

Effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 （HSV-1）

To observe the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) so as to explore the mechanism of its antiviral activity, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the fluorescent probe to label viruses and heparin sodium was used as control. Meanwhile , the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity on the surface of Hep-2 cells was determined by flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that adsorption of HSV-1 on the surface of Hep-2 cells exhibited the character of saturation and specificity and heparin sodium could prevent attachment of viruses on these cells. These results are in accord with those reported previously. It was also proved that the manner of drug-use prior to adsorption or simultaneous use of drug and adsorption was better than adsorption prior to drug-use, and the inhibition rates of the former and latter manner were 84. 76% and 82.92% respectively. Three manners of drug-use with Gardenia extract ZG were all effective to reduce the adsorption quantity of viruses, especially the manner of simultaneous use of drug and adsorption with an adsorption inhibition rate of 68.46% . From the above observation, it is apparent that the mechanism of anti-viral activity of Gardenia extract ZG may be via several steps involved in the HSV-1 adsorption.     

耳大神经及腮腺筋膜解剖的再认识与腮腺切除手术的改良

目的：对耳大神经及腮腺筋膜解剖进行再认识，由此改良腮腺切除手术方法。方法：解剖成人尸体10侧，术中活体解剖20侧，对耳大神经和腮腺筋膜的解剖要素进行观察。根据观察结果进行改良腮腺切除术14例，即在腮腺筋膜表面翻瓣后，由前向后另翻腮腺筋膜瓣，切除腮腺后将筋膜瓣复位缝合，完整保留耳大神经和腮腺筋膜。结果：耳大神经在下颌角水平之上0-2cm依次分耳后、耳垂、耳前支，神经主干末段和分支起始段均分布于腮腺筋膜浅层表面，后者致密，其致密纤维包裹在神经周围。改良手术后2例（14．3％）发生轻度Frey’s综合征，无1例发生术区皮肤长期麻木、长期面瘫、涎瘘及肿瘤复发。结论：耳大神经各分支和腮腺筋膜具有不可代替的解剖生理功能，改良术式能将两者完好保留，显著降低术后并发症。     

Conservative surgery in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: report of a case with an eight-year follow-up

The patient described here, with malignant non-beta islet cell tumor of the head of the pancreas, was treated by resection of the tumor and metastases. Additional pathology of perforated duodenal ulcer and pyloric stenosis required vagotomy and pyloroplasty. The maintenance of normal gastrin levels after the operation indicates a good prognosis. We believe that the low-risk Zollinger-Ellison patient should be treated surgically and the tumor removed. When no tumor can be detected, parietal cell vagotomy should be performed to assist the pharmacological control of the gastric acid hypersecretion. Extensive surgery, such as total gastrectomy, is no longer the treatment of choice and is reserved for the so-called "cimetidine failure."     

Validation of low-cost models for minimal invasive surgery training of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and esophageal atresia

BackgroundMinimal invasive surgery (MIS) is increasingly used for the correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and esophageal atresia (EA). It is important to master these complex procedures, preferably preclinically, to avoid complications. The aim of this study was to validate recently developed models to train these MIS procedures preclinically.MethodsTwo low cost, reproducible models (one for CDH and one for EA) were validated during several pediatric surgical conferences and training sessions (January 2017–December 2018), used in either the LaparoscopyBoxx or EoSim simulator. Participants used one or both models and completed a questionnaire regarding their opinion on realism (face validity) and didactic value (content validity), rated on a five-point-Likert scale.ResultsOf all 60 participants enrolled, 44 evaluated the EA model. All items were evaluated as significantly better than neutral, with means ranging from 3.7 to 4.1 (p < 0.001). The CDH model was evaluated by 48 participants. All items scored significantly better than neutral (means 3.5–3.9, p < 0.001), with exception of the haptics of the simulated diaphragm (mean 3.3, p = 0.054). Both models were considered a potent training tool (means 3.9).ConclusionThese readily available and low budget models are considered a valid and potent training tool by both experts and target group participants.Type of studyProspective study.Level of evidenceLevel II.