Exanthema medicamentosum as a side effect of promazine

Dermatological side effects of psychopharmacological drugs are fortunately not so often. They are mostly presented in the group of mood stabilizers and antiepileptic drugs, particularly the carbamazepine and lamotrigine, and can be manifested through the Stevens Johnson syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)/Lyell's syndrome with about 30% lethality. According to the literature the group of phenothiazines is the category of drugs with rare appearances of skin reactions. Promazine, aliphatic phenothiazines antipsychotic, including less frequent side effects in the leaflet states increased skin sensitivity to sun, skin rash-associated with contact dermatitis, allergic reactions, cholestatic icterus. The only reported dermatological side effect of promazine is its metabolites deposition in the cornea. Analyzing the e-data basis we have not found references connecting the Exanthema medicamentosum as a side effect of promazine. A forty-two years old female patient was admitted to the Dermatological Clinic because of suspected exanthema, undoubtedly caused by promazine as a medication for Sy. Borderline.     

Expression of familial Alzheimer disease presenilin 1 gene attenuates vesicle traffic and reduces peptide secretion in cultured astrocytes devoid of pathologic tissue environment

In the brain, astrocytes provide metabolic and trophic support to neurones. Failure in executing astroglial homeostatic functions may contribute to the initiation and propagation of diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), characterized by a progressive loss of neurones over years. Here, we examined whether astrocytes from a mice model of AD isolated in the presymptomatic phase of the disease exhibit alterations in vesicle traffic, vesicular peptide release and purinergic calcium signaling. In cultured astrocytes isolated from a newborn wild‐type (wt) and 3xTg‐AD mouse, secretory vesicles and acidic endosomes/lysosomes were labeled by transfection with plasmid encoding atrial natriuretic peptide tagged with mutant green fluorescent protein (ANP.emd) and by LysoTracker, respectively. The intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) was monitored with Fluo‐2 and visualized by confocal microscopy. In comparison with controls, spontaneous mobility of ANP‐ and LysoTracker‐labeled vesicles was diminished in 3xTg‐AD astrocytes; the track length (TL), maximal displacement (MD) and directionality index (DI) were all reduced in peptidergic vesicles and in endosomes/lysosomes (P < 0.001), as was the ATP‐evoked attenuation of vesicle mobility. Similar impairment of peptidergic vesicle trafficking was observed in wt rat astrocytes transfected to express mutated presenilin 1 (PS1_M146V). The ATP‐evoked ANP discharge from single vesicles was less efficient in 3xTg‐AD and PS1_M146V‐expressing astrocytes than in respective wt controls (P < 0.05). Purinergic stimulation evoked biphasic and oscillatory [Ca²⁺]_i responses; the latter were less frequent (P < 0.001) in 3xTg‐AD astrocytes. Expression of PS1_M146V in astrocytes impairs vesicle dynamics and reduces evoked secretion of the signaling molecule ANP; both may contribute to the development of AD. GLIA 2016;64:317–329     

The influence of anesthesia on cardiac repolarization

The drugs and techniques used in contemporary anaesthesia may provoke numerous side effects, including cardiac rhythm disturbances. The prolongation of the repolarization time, reflected by the QT interval in a surface electrocardiogram, is one of the mechanisms that lead to the occurrence of arrhythmias. In the paper, we present the primary mechanism that is responsible for QT interval prolongation and subsequent torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia. The influence of anesthetics, regional anesthesia and perioperative supportive therapy on cardiac repolarization is described.     

中缅边境(西段)阿米巴病流行现状调查

目的调查中缅边境(西段)阿米巴病流行现状。方法 2008年8～10月,在中缅边境(西段)整群随机抽样云南省盈江县那邦镇2个自然村和缅甸拉咱市4个自然村,逐户收集双边边民的新鲜粪样,用碘液涂片法镜检溶组织内阿米巴(E.h)/迪斯帕内阿米巴(E.d)包囊,用ELISA方法检测E.h Gal/GalNAc黏附素抗原。结果中缅双边共调查903人,E.h/E.d感染率为1.77%(16/903),E.h感染率为15.17%(137/903)。其中调查中方边民286人,E.h/E.d和E.h感染率分别为1.40%(4/286)和11.89%(34/286);调查缅方边民617人,E.h/E.d和E.h感染率分别为1.94%(12/617)和16.69%(103/617);中缅边民E.h/E.d感染率和E.h感染率差异均无统计学意义(χ2E.h/E.d=0.34,χ2E.h=3.51,P均>0.05)。结论中缅边境(西段)阿米巴病流行严重。     

Apparent exchange rate for breast cancer characterization

Although diffusion MRI has shown promise for the characterization of breast cancer, it has low specificity to malignant subtypes. Higher specificity might be achieved if the effects of cell morphology and molecular exchange across cell membranes could be disentangled. The quantification of exchange might thus allow the differentiation of different types of breast cancer cells. Based on differences in diffusion rates between the intra‐ and extracellular compartments, filter exchange spectroscopy/imaging (FEXSY/FEXI) provides non‐invasive quantification of the apparent exchange rate (AXR) of water between the two compartments. To test the feasibility of FEXSY for the differentiation of different breast cancer cells, we performed experiments on several breast epithelial cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, we performed the first in vivo FEXI measurement of water exchange in human breast. In cell suspensions, pulsed gradient spin‐echo experiments with large b values and variable pulse duration allow the characterization of the intracellular compartment, whereas FEXSY provides a quantification of AXR. These experiments are very sensitive to the physiological state of cells and can be used to establish reliable protocols for the culture and harvesting of cells. Our results suggest that different breast cancer subtypes can be distinguished on the basis of their AXR values in cell suspensions. Time‐resolved measurements allow the monitoring of the physiological state of cells in suspensions over the time‐scale of hours, and reveal an abrupt disintegration of the intracellular compartment. In vivo, exchange can be detected in a tumor, whereas, in normal tissue, the exchange rate is outside the range experimentally accessible for FEXI. At present, low signal‐to‐noise ratio and limited scan time allows the quantification of AXR only in a region of interest of relatively large tumors. © 2016 The Authors. NMR in Biomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

双氢青蒿素哌喹片治疗缅甸拉咱市恶性疟的疗效和安全性评价

目的评价双氢青蒿素哌喹片治疗中缅边境地区缅甸拉咱市恶性疟的疗效和安全性。方法 2008年9～12月,在缅甸拉咱市及隶属于该市的4个自然村开展临床试验,选择2～60岁、原虫密度≥250个/μl血、单纯恶性疟现症病例,用双氢青蒿素哌喹片(每片含双氢青蒿素40 mg,磷酸哌喹320 mg)2天4次疗法治疗,总剂量因体重而异,如50 kg体重患者总剂量8片均分4次口服,每次2片,每次间隔8～10 h,按体重剂量表给药。于服药当天、服药后的第1、2、3、7、14、21和28天随访观察患者症状、原虫密度、体温和药物不良反应。用WHO抗疟药治疗效果分类、退热时间、无性体原虫转阴时间和配子体转阴率评价其疗效。结果共64例完成全程随访,100%完全临床原虫治疗成功,平均退热时间为(22.5±8.2)h,无性体原虫转阴时间中位数为30.0 h[(17.1～168.2)h];服药后第3天和第7天无性体原虫转阴率和退热率分别为(93.8%、100%)和(100%、100%),服药后第28天配子体转阴率为75.0%;仅7例出现轻度不良反应,不良反应率为9.9%(7/71)。结论双氢青蒿素哌喹片治疗缅甸拉咱市恶性疟安全有效。     

The metabolic syndrome in a Congolese population and its implications for metabolic syndrome definitions

AimMetabolic syndrome defined by International cut-off values are limited to detect people at high cardiometabolic risk in Central Africans in comparison with metabolic syndrome defined by ethnic-specific definition. We examined the relationship between metabolic syndromes, diabetes control, abdominal obesity, HDL-cholesterol groups and atherosclerotic complications.Materials and methodsA representative sample of type-2 diabetic central Africans from Kinshasa were studied. Outcome measures included control of diabetes, atherosclerosis, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, metabolic syndromes and atherosclerosis.ResultsOf 1266 type-2 diabetic patients (48.8%), (61.8%), (27.1%) and (81%) had uncontrolled diabetes, atherosclerotics, metabolic syndrome (IDF/Europe), and metabolic syndrome (IDF/local) respectively. There was a significant U-shaped relationship between atherosclerotics complications, insulin resistance, delta postprandial glycaemia and HDL-cholesterol stratification. There was also a significant U-shaped relationship between cardiometabolic risk (P < 0.01) and atherosclerotic complications.ConclusionType-2 diabetic Central Africans exhibit very high rates of uncontrolled diabetes, atherosclerotic complications and metabolic syndrome. Both, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, low and very high HDL-cholesterol levels are cardiometabolic risk factors.