Rapid screening for bacteriuria in pregnancy

Summary We evaluated a bioluminescence assay as a screening test for the detection of bacteriuria in pregnancy. A total of 1,000 urine specimens from a randomly selected group of pregnant women undergoing prenatal surveillance was investigated. Sequential dilution of urine specimens on CLED agar plates served as a reference method. Set against the reference group, bioluminescence screening scored a 93% sensitivity, a 78% specificity and a 99% predictive accuracy for negative results. All urine specimens were also analysed chemically for the presence of nitrite and leucocyte esterase by dip sticks. Dip sticks proved to be insufficient because of poor sensitivities of 54% and 59%, respectively. The bioluminescence assay is an effective, time- as well as labor-saving but questionably cost-effective method for the detection of bacteriuria in pregnancy.

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Rascher Nachweis der Bakteriurie bei Schwangeren

Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie prüften wir die klinische Wertigkeit eines Biolumineszenz-Verfahrens zum Nachweis der Bakteriurie bei Schwangeren. Insgesamt wurden 1000 Routine-Harnproben von Schwangeren untersucht. Als Referenzmethode diente die sequentielle Verdünnung der Harnproben und Ausstreichen auf CLED-Agarplatten. Eine signifikante Bakteriurie konnte mit der Biolumineszenz-Methode mit einer Sensitivität von 93% und einer Spezifität von 78% erkannt werden. Die Voraussagewahrscheinlichkeit für negative Resultate war 99%. Gleichzeitig untersuchten wir alle Harnproben auf Vorhandensein von Nitrit und Leukozyten-Esterase mittels Teststreifen. Die Sensitivitäten lagen nur bei 54% bzw. 59%. Mit Hilfe der Biolumineszenz-Methode kann eine signifikante Bakteriurie bei Schwangeren rasch, verläßlich, aber nur bei relevanter Probenanzahl auch kostengünstig nachgewiesen werden.

     

The influence of uric acid treatments on liver glutathione system prevent oxidative damages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice

Recently we reported that antioxidant system in brain and spinal cord in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice is mainly affected at early stages of the disease [M. Zargari, A. Allameh, M.H. Sanati, T. Tiraihi, S.H. Lavasani, O. Emadyan, Relationship between the clinical scoring and demyelination in central nervous system with total antioxidant capacity of plasma during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development in mice, Neurosci. Lett. 412 (2007), 24–28]. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of uric acid (UA) on antioxidant system in liver and plasma of EAE mice. EAE was induced in C57/BL6 mice (n = 60), followed by i.p. administration of UA (10 mg/kg BW) in 30 mice at three distinct clinical stages (A: prior to onset, B: after onset, C: after development of EAE). Livers were removed and processed for measurement of lipid peroxidation products, reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and total antioxidant capacity of plasma (FRAP). The results showed that lipid peroxidation products in liver of EAE mice was increased significantly (∼85%) as compared to normal. UA administration to EAE mice caused a significant suppression of liver lipid peroxidation products (∼45%) at early stages (A and B). There was an inverse relationship between lipid peroxidation and cellular GSH in liver. GSH was significantly depleted in mice liver during the EAE progression, but it was recovered (∼29%) when UA was injected before the onset of the disease (groups A and B). Plasma total antioxidant capacity was significantly decreased during the development of EAE, however it was subsided in mice treated with UA as compared to the corresponding controls (21%) in groups A and B. Elevated liver GST as a result of EAE induction was reversed in mice treated with UA particularly in groups A and B. These results indicate that hepatic glutathione system, particularly GST plays a major role in modulation of oxidative damages to central nervous system (CNS) during EAE induction. The positive response of antioxidant system to UA administration in EAE mice was corroborated with improvement of clinical manifestation of the animals.     

BCA2 is differentially expressed in renal oncocytoma: an analysis of 158 renal neoplasms

The distinction between renal oncocytoma and renal cell carcinoma, especially chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma with oncocytic features, is important due to the different biologic potentials of these tumors. RING E3 ligases have the subject of intense studies for their roles in many diseases including cancer and as potential therapeutic targets. All RING E3 ligases, including BCA2, contain a consensus protein sequence that would complex two or more zinc ions in the expressed protein. Identification of which ubiquitin ligases specifically affect distinct cellular processes is essential to the development of targeted therapeutics in these tumors. The ubiquitin–proteasome system regulates the turnover of proteins that have essential roles in the cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and in protein trafficking, which makes this pathway a target for oncogenic events. In this study, we investigated expression of BCA2 in renal oncocytoma and renal cell carcinoma. A total of 158 patients were included in the study. Our study has shown that 114/114 (100 %) cases of renal cell carcinoma were negative for BCA2. All 38 (100 %) cases of renal oncocytoma were positive for BCA2, and 6/6 (100 %) cases designated as oncocytic neoplasm which favor oncocytoma were also positive for BCA2. This is the first study to date evaluating the expression of BCA2 in renal oncocytoma. BCA2 could serve as a marker that may be utilized in the distinction between renal oncocytoma and its mimickers.     

Dose estimations for Iranian 11-year-old pediatric phantoms undergoing computed tomography examinations

In order to establish an organ and effective dose database for Iranian children undergoing computed tomography (CT) examinations, in the first step, two Iranian 11-year-old phantoms were constructed from image series obtained from CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Organ and effective doses for these phantoms were calculated for head, chest, abdomen–pelvis and chest–abdomen–pelvis (CAP) scans at tube voltages of 80, 100 and 120 kVp, and then they were compared with those of the University of Florida (UF) 11-year-old male phantom. Depth distributions of the organs and the mass of the surrounding tissues located in the beam path, which shield the internal organs, were determined for all phantoms. From the results, it was determined that the main organs of the UF phantom receive smaller doses than the two Iranian phantoms, except for the urinary bladder of the Iranian girl phantom. In addition, the relationship between the anatomical differences and the size of the dose delivered was also investigated and the discrepancies between the results were examined and justified.     

Imaging data in COVID-19 patients: focused on echocardiographic findings

To assess imaging data in COVID-19 patients and its association with clinical course and survival and 86 consecutive patients (52 males, 34 females, mean age?=?58.8 year) with documented COVID-19 infection were included. Seventy-eight patients (91%) were in severe stage of the disease. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography. Mean LVEF was 48.1% and mean estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was 27.9 mmHg. LV diastolic dysfunction was mildly abnormal in 49 patients (57.6%) and moderately abnormal in 7 cases (8.2%). Pericardial effusion was present in 5/86 (minimal in size in 3 cases and mild- moderate in 2). In 32/86 cases (37.2%), the severity of infection progressed from “severe” to “critical”. Eleven patients (12.8%) died. sPAP and computed tomography score were associated with disease progression (P value?=?0.002, 0.002 respectively). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) was significantly higher in patients with no disease progression compared with those who deteriorated (P value?=?0.005). Pericardial effusion (minimal, mild or moderate) was detected more often in progressive disease (P?=?0.03). sPAP was significantly lower among survivors (P value?=?0.007). Echocardiographic findings (including systolic PAP, TAPSE and pericardial effusion), total CT score may have prognostic and therapeutic implication in COVID-19 patients.

     

The role of toll-like receptors in B-cell development and immunopathogenesis of common variable immunodeficiency

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic primary immune deficiency and is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, defect in specific antibody response and increased susceptibility to recurrent infections, malignancy and autoimmunity. Patients with CVID often have defects in post-antigenic B-cell differentiation, with fewer memory B cells and impaired isotype switching. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed on various immune cells as key elements of innate and adaptive immunity. TLR signaling in B cells plays multiple roles in cell differentiation and activation, class-switch recombination and cytokine and antibody production. Moreover, recent studies have shown functional alteration of TLRs responses in CVID patients including poor cell proliferation, impaired upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and failure in cytokine and immunoglobulin production. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the role of TLRs in B-cell development and function as well as their role in the immunopathogenesis of CVID.     

The Anti-Oxidant Effects of Ginger and Cinnamon on Spermatogenesis Dys-function of Diabetes Rats

Background

Diabetes rats have been linked to reproductive dysfunction and plant medicine has been shown to be effective in its treatment. Antioxidants have distinctive effects on spermatogenesis, sperm biology and oxidative stress, and changes in anti-oxidant capacity are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Ginger and cinnamon are strong anti-oxidants and have been shown to reduce oxidative stress in the long-term treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in animal models. The present study examined the influence of combined ginger and cinnamon on spermatogenesis in STZ-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods

Animals (n = 80) were allocated randomly into eight groups, 10 each: Group 1: Control rats given only 5cc Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) daily;Group2: rats received ginger (100mg/kg/rat) daily; Group 3: rats received cinnamon (75mg/kg) daily; Group 4: rats received ginger and cinnamon, (100mg/kg/rat ginger and 75mg/kg cinnamon) daily; Group 5: Diabetic control rats received only normal saline. Group 6: Diabetic rats received 100mg/kg/day ginger; Group 7: Diabetic rats received 75mg /kg/ day cinnamon; Group 8: Diabetic rats received ginger and cinnamon (100mg/kg/day and 75mg/kg /day). Diabetes was induced with 55 mg/kg, single intra-peritoneal injection of STZ in all groups. At the end of the experiment (56th day), blood samples were taken for determination of testosterone, LH,FSH, total anti-oxidant capacity, and levels of malondialdehyde, SOD, Catalase and GPX. All rats were euthanized, testes were dissected out and spermatozoa were collected from the epididymis for analysis.

Results

Sperm numbers, percentages of sperm viability and motility, and total serum testosterone increased in ginger and cinnamon and combined ginger and cinnamon treated diabetic rats compared with control groups. Serum testosterone, LH and FSH were higher compared to control group and also serum anti-oxidants (TAC, SOD, GPX and catalase) all were increased at the end of treatment. Combined ginger and cinnamon showed more intense increase in all parameters compare to ginger and cinnamon alone. Most of the results were significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion

We concluded that combined ginger and cinnamon have significant beneficial effects on the sperm viability, motility, and serum total testosterone, LH,FSH and serum anti-oxidants'' level and could be effective for maintaining healthy sperm parameters and male reproductive function in diabetics.