Blood serum protein sorption on the surface of perfluorocarbon emulsion particles

The amount of protein bound per 1 mL of the perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion depends on the emulsifier composition and the particle size. A relationship between the amount of bound protein on the particle surface and the physicochemical parameters of the PFC emulsion interaction with the blood serum, which indirectly characterize the surface properties of the PFC particles, is established. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 41, No. 12, pp. 40–43, December, 2007.     

Heart rate of operators with various levels of stress-tolerance]

The paper presents results of the investigation with 8 male subjects 25 to 36 y.o. attesting the existence of relation between stress tolerance evidenced from the data about tracking function during extended continuous wakefulness and the sympathetic activity assessed by heart rate values. Based on there results, the higher stress tolerance, the lower baseline sympathicotonia and the stronger sympathetic reactions to adequate stimuli.     

An oral selective M3 cholinergic receptor antagonist in COPD.

Cholinergic antagonists have been used since the early 1900s as bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study investigated whether an oral muscarinic M3-selective anticholinergic agent (OrM3) would provide an improved therapeutic advantage compared with an inhaled anticholinergic agent in patients with COPD. A 6-week, multicentre, randomised, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group study was performed at 56 sites in the USA. In total, 412 male and female patients (aged 35-86 yrs) with a clinical history consistent with COPD were randomised to receive OrM3 0.5, 2, 3 or 4 mg orally once daily, ipratropium bromide 36 mug by inhalation four times daily or placebo. OrM3 demonstrated a significant dose-related improvement in serial forced expiratory volume in one second and a trend for dose-related improvement in patient-reported symptoms compared with placebo. However, at a dose that provided efficacy less than that of ipratropium, the incidence of dose-related, mechanism-based side-effects for OrM3 exceeded those observed for ipratropium. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the oral M3-selective agent did not offer a therapeutic advantage over inhaled ipratropium. These results do not support the hypothesis that high selectivity for muscarinic M3 receptors over airway neuronal M2 receptors will represent a more effective therapy than current inhaled anticholinergics in obstructive airway disease.     

Perfluorocarbon Emulsions: Stability in vitro and in vivo (A Review)

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal -     

Effect of ketamine anesthesia on patients with severe trauma at the pre-hospital stage on the course and outcome of shock

Under study were remote results of treatment of patients with critical traumas followed by shock who were given prehospital Ketamine anesthesia. The data obtained were compared with remote results of treatment of patients who did not receive anesthesia at the prehospital stage or who were given narcotic analgetic drugs for anesthesia. Reliable data were obtained showing the course of trauma disease to be more favourable in a group of patients who were given Ketamine anesthesia at the prehospital stage.     

Brain monoamine oxidase and aging: a review

The present state of research on the age-related dynamics of brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and its role in the development of age pathology is described. Special attention is given to the role of MAO in the pathogenesis of parkinsonism and to the mechanisms of its interaction with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a possible etiological factor of parkinsonism development in aging. The mechanisms of action of the selective MAO-B inhibitor, deprenyl, and their peculiarities in old age are analyzed. This study provides evidence pointing to a need for the use of deprenyl in geriatric practice as an effective drug for parkinsonism treatment and as a potent geroprotector.     

Plasma Content of Extracellular Nucleic Acids in Donors and Patients with Mammary Tumors

The concentrations of extracellular DNA and RNA were measured in the plasma of donors and patients with fibroadenoma and breast cancer. The content of extracellular DNA surpassed the normal in 80% plasma samples from patients with mammary tumors. Extracellular RNA was detected in 30% plasma samples from donors and patients with breast tumors. No correlations were found between plasma concentration of extracellular DNA and size and stage of tumor growth. Hence, measurement of extracellular DNA in the plasma of patients can be used only as an accessory test for tumor diagnosis.__________Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 139, No. 4, pp. 462–464, April, 2005