用混合粘合剂碳糊电极测定丁螺环酮

用混合粘合剂碳糊电极测定丁螺环酮张正奇，曾鸽鸣，刘传桂，黎艳飞（湖南大学化学化工系，长沙４１００８２）碳糊电极无毒，制作方便，表面更新容易，应用电位范围广，在药物分析中已有应用［１～５］。我们在液体石腊中加入添加剂，组成混合粘合剂，可显著改善电极的检...     

Incidence and clinical features of glossopharyngeal neuralgia, Rochester, Minnesota, 1945-1984.

The annual crude incidence rate of glossopharyngeal neuralgia per 100,000 population in Rochester, Minn., for 1945 through 1984, was 0.7 for both sexes combined, suggesting that glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a rare disease. There were no significant differences between the sexes (p greater than 0.10) in the overall age-adjusted (to the total 1980 US population) rates: 1.1 for men and 0.5 for women. Overall age-specific crude rates increased slightly with age. Our results and conclusions, achieved by comparing our data with a large referral study at Mayo Clinic, suggest that glossopharyngeal neuralgia is generally a mild disease, since mild attacks are not uncommon, the average annual recurrence rate for a second episode is low (3.6%), and only one fourth of the cases had to have surgery for relief of symptoms. Bilaterality is not uncommon; it was observed in one fourth of the patients, all of whom had mild disease.     

Effect of induced field inhomogeneity on transverse proton NMR relaxation in tissue water and model systems

The effect of induced field inhomogeneity (IFI) on transverse NMR relaxation of water protons in tissue has been investigated by examining the field dependence of the effective transverse relaxation rates (1/T2 eff) for in vitro canine brain tissue samples. At fields of 0.47, 2.35, 7.05 T (corresponding to 20, 100, and 300 MHz, respectively) the transverse relaxation rates for both white and gray matter samples follow a field dependence of the form 1/T2 eff = C0 + C1 B0, where B0 is the applied field. The linearly dependent term, C1 B0, which reflects the IFI contribution, does not contribute much (i.e., less than 20%) at fields less than 2.0 T. However, at greater field strengths the contribution is appreciable, e.g., greater than 60% at 7.0 T. Results from model systems of glass beads are also reported to illustrate IFI effects. For both the model systems and canine brain tissue samples, the effects of restricted diffusion are qualitatively evident in Hahn spin-echo experiments.     

Viral infections in the mouth

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are commonly encountered in the HIV-infected patient. A unique feature of OHL is non-cytolytic high level of replication of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the glossal epithelium. The expression of viral-encoded anti-apoptotic proteins concomitant to replicative proteins probably underlies this phenomenon. The question of whether OHL arises from activation of EBV latent in the tongue, or from superinfection by endogenous EBV shed via non-glossal sites or by exogenous EBV remains unresolved. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is now seen as necessary but not sufficient cause of KS. Expression of HHV8-encoded oncogenic proteins in endothelial cells probably explains the aberrant proliferation of these cells in KS lesions. Studies into why KS is so commonly observed at the palate in HIV-infected patients may provide important clues to its pathogenesis.     

Antidiuretic hormone excess in infant botulism

Two infants developed evidence of antidiuretic hormone excess as a complication of infant botulism. Neither child received mechanical ventilatory support before the development of hyponatremia, serum hyposmolality, and urinary hyperosmolality. Both infants responded to fluid-intake restriction. The appearance of hyponatremia in an infant with botulism should suggest antidiuretic hormone excess. The recognition of this entity will lead to its appropriate management with fluid-intake restriction.     

Penicillin and the marked decrease in morbidity and mortality from rheumatic fever in the United States

There has been a marked decline in mortality due to rheumatic fever in the United States. We present evidence for the important role of penicillin in changing the severity of rheumatic carditis, beginning about 1946. Since that year, mortality due to rheumatic carditis has rapidly decreased to zero at the hospital we studied (House of the Good Samaritan, Boston), the rate of loss of all murmurs in patients at the study hospital accelerated simultaneously and exceeded 40 percent by 1970, and the rates of decline in national mortality due to rheumatic carditis accelerated fourfold with the advent of antibiotics. These data, together with reports of recent outbreaks of rheumatic fever, emphasize the importance of continued efforts to diagnose and treat Group A streptococcal pharyngitis.     

Swine flu vaccine and multiple sclerosis

Using age-specific rates for multiple sclerosis (MS) based on a national survey, the number of "naturally occurring" new cases of MS among the 45 million swine flu vaccine recipients in the United States is estimated as 1,624 during the year after vaccination, or 31 cases per week. Information from available reports and publications indicates no excess over the expected frequencies. Analyses of admissions for MS before, during, and after the immunization program showed no increase to the US Army hospitals or to the Mayo Clinic. Three independent controlled clinical investigations performed on patients with MS showed no increase in the frequency of exacerbations among those receiving swine flu vaccine as compared with those receiving placebo. Epidemiologic features of MS do not implicate killed virus vaccine as an etiologic factor in onset or exacerbations of the disease. There is no indication from these analyses of any association or cause-and-effect relationship between swine flu vaccine and MS.