全文获取类型
收费全文 | 569篇 |
免费 | 35篇 |
国内免费 | 41篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 28篇 |
妇产科学 | 5篇 |
基础医学 | 176篇 |
口腔科学 | 10篇 |
临床医学 | 50篇 |
内科学 | 140篇 |
皮肤病学 | 5篇 |
神经病学 | 7篇 |
特种医学 | 53篇 |
外科学 | 50篇 |
综合类 | 16篇 |
预防医学 | 18篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 15篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 66篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 28篇 |
2012年 | 27篇 |
2011年 | 27篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 44篇 |
2006年 | 27篇 |
2005年 | 36篇 |
2004年 | 21篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 26篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有645条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
LEE JS IM HH JUNG Y JUNG IS JANG JY CHUN YK CHO YD KIM JO CHO JY KIM YS SHIM CS & KIM BS 《Neurogastroenterology and motility》2006,18(6):493-494
Background: Recent development of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation (ECMS) which uses current‐changing magnetic fields allows the induction of electrical stimulation in the desired deep tissue. Recent study showed the sacral nerve stimulation reduces corticoanal excitability that may play a functional role in anal continence mechanisms. Preliminary study shows that ECMS of sacral nerve can modify pelvic floor function and expel rectal balloon in patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia (PFD). Aims: To evaluate the effect of ECMS compared with biofeedback therapy (BF) in patients with PFD. Methods and Materials: Thirty‐eight patients who fulfilled Rome II criteria for PFD by colon transit time and anorectal function tests, were randomly treated with 8 sessions of ECMS (2/weeks; n = 19) at prone position or BF (2/weeks; n = 19) at sitting position. Stimulation parameters were set at 50–80% of maximum intensity, 10 and 50 Hz frequency, 3 s burst length with 3 and 6 s off using arm‐typed stimulator (BioCom‐1000, Mcube Co., Korea). Symptom scores for constipation with/without anorectal function test were repeatedly measured after each treatment. Response was defined as 50% or more decreased symptom score after treatment (partial response: 30–50%, poor: <30%). Results: Fifteen patients (age 49.1 ± 13.4 years, mean ± SD; 4 men) completed 8 session of BF and 14 patients (54.5 ± 17.6 years, 3 men) completed 8 session of ECMS. Four patients of BF group discontinued treatment due to unsatisfactory therapeutic effect (n = 1) and withdrew consent (n = 3) and 5 patients of ECMS group discontinued treatment because of same reasons (n = 1, 4). Total symptom scores were significantly decreased after treatment of 8 session in both treatment groups (13.4 ± 6.6 vs. 4.3 ± 4.0 for BF, p = 0.009; 14.9 ± 5.6 vs. 3.4 ± 4.0 for ECMS, p < 0.001). Bowel movements per week were also significantly increased after treatment in both groups (median 2 vs. 7 for BF, p = 0.035; median 2 vs. 7 for ECMS, p = 0.008). Thirteen out of 15 patients showed response in BF group and 12 out of 14 showed good response in ECMS group. No adverse effects in both groups. Conclusions: ECMS is as effective as BF for the treatment of PFD. Long‐term effect of ECMS for the patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia need to be evaluated in the near future. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
Inter-laboratory and inter-observer reproducibility of immunohistochemical assessment of the Ki-67 labelling index in a large multi-centre trial 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
Mengel M von Wasielewski R Wiese B Rüdiger T Müller-Hermelink HK Kreipe H 《The Journal of pathology》2002,196(3):292-299
The calcium-binding protein S100A4 induces the metastatic phenotype in rodent models of breast cancer and its expression correlates strongly with reduced survival in human breast cancer. The expression of S100A4 in normal bladders and 101 bladder tumours has been studied using immunocytochemistry. Moderate or strong expression of S100A4 was found in 28% of the tumours, whilst the remaining tumours and normal urothelium either failed to stain or showed weak staining. S100A4 staining was more frequently observed in invasive bladder tumours than in non-invasive tumours (p<0.05). In invasive tumours, S100A4 staining was usually strongest in invasive regions and single infiltrating cells. Statistically significant associations were found between S100A4 expression and metastasis (p=0.0003) and reduced survival (p<0.0001). It is concluded that S100A4 expression may play an important role in bladder cancer and may identify a subgroup of patients at increased risk of metastasis who should be considered for adjuvant systemic therapy. 相似文献
7.
Detection of gene amplification in archival breast cancer specimens by laser-assisted microdissection and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The American journal of pathology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Lehmann U Glöckner S Kleeberger W von Wasielewski HF Kreipe H 《The American journal of pathology》2000,156(6):1855-1864
Gene amplification is one of the most important mechanisms leading to deregulated gene expression in cancer. The exact quantitative detection of this frequent genomic alteration in solid tumors is often hampered by an admixture of nonneoplastic bystander and stroma cells. To overcome this obstacle and to develop an objective quantitative method we have combined laser-assisted microdissection of tumor cells with the novel 5'-exonuclease-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The latter method enables the highly reproducible exact quantification of minute amounts of nucleic acids. As a model system amplification of c-erbB2/Her-2/neu gene and the adjacent topoisomerase IIalpha gene was determined in paraffin-embedded breast cancer specimens (n = 23) after immunohistochemical labeling and laser-based microdissection of tumor cells. The high sensitivity of real-time PCR enabled the reliable and objective detection of low-level amplifications in as few as 50 cells from archival tissue sections. Low-level amplifications were shown to escape from detection unless tumor cells were isolated by microdissection. In selected cases intratumor heterogeneity was demonstrated using areas of approximately 50 to 100 cells. This novel approach combining immunohistochemistry, laser microdissection, and quantitative kinetic PCR allows morphology-guided studies in archival tissue specimens and will enable the exact quantification of gene copy numbers in even small and precancerous lesions. 相似文献
8.
Kung FT; Chen WJ; Chou HH; Ko SF; Chang SY 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(8):1649-1653
We report a rare case of early-stage endometrial adenocarcinoma in a 22
year old nullipara with polycystic ovaries undergoing conservative
treatment. Pretreatment evaluation including tumour grade, depth of
myometrial invasion, tumour size, hormone receptor status and flow
cytometric analysis indicated a favourable prognosis. The patient underwent
repeat endometrial curettage and a 6 month period of therapy with megestrol
acetate and tamoxifen. A combination contraceptive pill was then prescribed
to ensure withdrawal of the menstrual cycle thereafter. Now, 1 year after
the last curettage, there is no evidence of disease. During the treatment
period, hysteroscopy allowed for a more precise approach in panoramically
examining the tumour nest in the endometrial cavity, and the subsequent
endometrial response to hormone therapy. Laparoscopy using bulldog clamps
applied to the isthmic portion of the Fallopian tubes prevented i.p. spread
of endometrial tissue from retrograde regurgitation during hysteroscopy.
Laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery resulted in the reduction of abnormal
hypervascularization on the surface of polycystic ovaries postoperatively
but caused a peri-ovarian adhesion complication. It is interesting that
this case posed a unique opportunity to demonstrate the tumour regression
under the assistance of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy.
相似文献
9.
Ludwig Wilkens Joelle Tchinda Dagmar Burkhardt Hans Heinrich Kreipe 《Pathobiology》2002,70(4):204-208
OBJECTIVE: Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been established as an informative technique in genetic analysis. However, differences in the ratio of hybridization intensities were reported for particular chromosomes, which may affect CGH results. The aim of this study was to define these differences in more detail. For this purpose, CGH results of 70 samples of bone marrow cells (BMC) with normal karyotype in conventional cytogenetics (CC) were evaluated using seven different reference DNAs and two different DNA labeling systems. METHODS AND RESULTS: CGH using fluorochrome-conjugated nucleotides for DNA labeling indicated signal deviations in 21/70 BMC samples. Deviations affected chromosomes 1 (n = 21), 2 (n = 11), 4 (n = 11), 5 (n = 9), 6 (n = 7), 7 (n = 2), 8 (n = 2), 12 (n = 5), 13 (n = 15), 14 (n = 1), 16 (n = 17), 17 (n = 11), 19 (n = 21), 20 (n = 12), and/or 22 (n = 17). None of the imbalances were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Using digoxigenin and biotin-conjugated nucleotides in exemplary cases (n = 5) led to the disappearance of the signal deviations. Repeated CGH experiments using seven different reference DNAs showed remarkable variations in the signal deviations. CONCLUSION: Hybridization differences depend not only on the hapten or fluorochrome-labeled nucleotides used for DNA labeling, but also on the reference DNA chosen. Therefore, close control of CGH experiments is mandatory, and additional techniques such as FISH should be performed to confirm the results obtained by CGH. 相似文献
10.
Thrombopoietin receptor (Mpl) expression by megakaryocytes in myeloproliferative disorders 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The thrombopoietin receptor (Mpl) is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD). In this study, we determined Mpl expression by bone marrow cells and megakaryocytes in CMPD by applying laser microdissection, real-time RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Mpl mRNA expression was significantly increased up to 9-fold in total bone marrow cells (p < 0.001) and up to 4-fold in megakaryocytes in chronic myeloproliferative disorders (n = 73) compared to normal controls (n = 26, p = 0.01). Immunohistochemistry revealed heterogeneous Mpl expression by megakaryocytes in CMPD with a stronger accentuation in idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) in comparison to polycythaemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). In addition to megakaryocytes, the erythropoietic lineage was prominently labelled by Mpl antiserum, with considerably stronger staining in polycythaemia vera. We conclude that, in CMPD, megakaryocytes and erythroid cells exhibit increased Mpl expression levels which may contribute to the sustained proliferation of both cell lineages in CMPD. 相似文献