全文获取类型
收费全文 | 542篇 |
免费 | 47篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 25篇 |
妇产科学 | 1篇 |
基础医学 | 63篇 |
口腔科学 | 9篇 |
临床医学 | 83篇 |
内科学 | 170篇 |
皮肤病学 | 10篇 |
神经病学 | 30篇 |
特种医学 | 85篇 |
外科学 | 39篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
预防医学 | 31篇 |
眼科学 | 5篇 |
药学 | 15篇 |
2篇 | |
肿瘤学 | 20篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 19篇 |
2011年 | 19篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 16篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 20篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 20篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有594条查询结果,搜索用时 796 毫秒
1.
Clinical aspects of pelvic inflammatory disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common and poorly managed condition.
Untreated or inadequately treated, it leads to tubal infertility, ectopic
pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain. Diagnostic difficulties are compounded
by the wide variety of clinical presentations and the insensitivity and
poor specificity of laboratory tests. Better recognition of mild and
atypical disease needs a high index of suspicion whenever young, sexually
active women present with gynaecological symptoms. Laparoscopy supplemented
by microbiological tests and fimbrial minibiopsy should be regarded as the
diagnostic 'gold standard' for research studies; new studies are required
to identify techniques which might reduce under- and over-diagnosis. Early
treatment reduces the risk of an adverse effect on fertility. Any
therapeutic regimen selected should be effective against the common
aetiological agents Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, genital
mycoplasmas and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Since at least 60% of cases
of PID can be attributed to infection with a sexually transmitted organism,
partner notification forms an essential part of management.
相似文献
2.
Screening for early ovarian cancer 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
3.
Incidence and determinants of moderate COPD (GOLD II) in male smokers aged 40–65 years: 5-year follow up
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The British journal of general practice》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Roeland MM Geijer Alfred PE Sachs Theo JM Verheij Philippe L Salom Jan-Willem J Lammers Arno W Hoes 《The British journal of general practice》2006,56(530):656-661
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem with an estimated prevalence of 10-15% among smokers. The incidence of moderate COPD, as defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), is largely unknown. AIM: To determine the cumulative incidence of moderate COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio [FEV1/FVC] <0.7 and FEV1 <80% predicted) and its association with patient characteristics in a cohort of male smokers. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The city of IJsselstein, a small town in the Netherlands. METHOD: Smokers aged 40-65 years who were registered with local GPs, participated in a study to identify undetected COPD. Baseline measurements were taken in 1998 of 399 smokers with normal spirometry (n = 292) or mild COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.7 and FEV1 >or=80% predicted, n = 107) and follow-up measurements were conducted in 2003. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 5.2 years, 33 participants developed moderate COPD (GOLD II). This showed an estimated cumulative incidence of 8.3% (95% CI = 5.8 to 11.4) and a mean annual incidence of 1.6%. No participant developed severe airflow obstruction. The risk of developing moderate COPD in smokers with baseline mild COPD (GOLD I) was five times higher than in those with baseline normal spirometry (one in five versus one in 25). CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of middle-aged male smokers, the estimated cumulative incidence of moderate COPD (GOLD II) over 5 years was relatively high (8.3%). Age, childhood smoking, cough, and one or more GP contacts for lower respiratory tract problems were independently associated with incident moderate COPD. 相似文献
4.
Chest radiography in general practice: indications, diagnostic yield and consequences for patient management
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The British journal of general practice》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Anouk M Speets Yolanda van der Graaf Arno W Hoes Sandra Kalmijn Alfred PE Sachs Matthieu JCM Rutten Jan Willem C Gratama Alexander D Montauban van Swijndregt Willem PThM Mali 《The British journal of general practice》2006,56(529):574-578
BACKGROUND: Chest radiography (CXR) is frequently performed in Western societies. There is insufficient knowledge of its diagnostic value in terms of changes in patient management decisions in primary care. AIM: To assess the influence of CXR on patient management in general practice. DESIGN OF STUDY: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Seventy-eight GPs and three general hospitals in the Netherlands. METHOD: Patients (n = 792) aged > or =18 years referred by their GPs for CXR were included. The main outcome was change in patient management assessed by means of questionnaires filled in by GPs before and after CXR. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 57.3+/-16.2 years and 53% were male. Clinically relevant abnormalities were found in 24% of the CXRs. Patient management changed in 60% of the patients following CXR. Main changes included: fewer referrals to a medical specialist (from 26 to 12%); reduction in initiation or change in therapy (from 24 to 15%); and more frequent reassurance (from 25 to 46%). However, this reassurance was not perceived as such in a quarter of these patients. A change in patient management occurred significantly more frequently in patients with complaints of cough (67%), those who exhibited abnormalities during physical examination (69%), or those with a suspected diagnosis of pneumonia (68%). CONCLUSION: Patient management by the GP changed in 60% of patients following CXR. CXR substantially reduced the number of referrals and initiation or change in therapy, and more patients were reassured by their GP. Thus, CXR is an important diagnostic tool for GPs and seems a cost-effective diagnostic test. 相似文献
5.
6.
C. Sandler E. Ekokoski K. A. Lindstedt P. J. Vainio M. Finel T. Sorsa P. T. Kovanen L. M. Golub K. K. Eklund 《Inflammation research》2005,54(7):304-312
Objective: To find novel inhibitors of mast cell function we have studied the effect of a potent, non-antimicrobial, chemically modified tetracycline, CMT-3 or COL-3, on key functions of mast cells.Methods and Results: In the presence of 25 μM CMT-3, the 48/80-induced histamine release from rat serosal mast cells was inhibited significantly, to 43.0 ± 7.3% of control. Similarily, the activation-induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-8 by HMC-1 cells were decreased in the presence of 25 μM CMT-3 to 13.5 ± 4.1% and 9.7 ± 1.1% of control, respectively. CMT-3 did not cause intracellular accumulation of TNF-α but instead it reduced the expression of TNF-α mRNA in HMC-1 cells. Moreover, CMT-3 was found to significantly inhibit the protein kinase C (PKC) activity with IC50 value of 31 μM. CMT-3 inhibited effectively both human recombinant PKCalpha and PKCdelta isoforms. In comparison to doxycycline, CMT-3 was more effective as an inhibitor of both cytokine production and PKC activity.Conclusions: Considering the central role of PKC in mast cell activation, PKC inhibition could, at least partially, explain the observed inhibitory effects of CMT-3. The inhibition of the key proinflammatory functions of mast cells by CMT-3 suggests its potential clinical usefulness in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory disorders.Received 18 February 2005; returned for revision 7 March 2005; accepted by A. Falus 21 April 2005 相似文献
7.
Summary The effects of ageing and life-long endurance training on the collagen metabolism of skeletal muscle were evaluated in a longitudinal study. Wistar rats performed treadmill running 5 days a week for 2 years. The activities of collagen biosynthesis enzymes, prolyl-4-hydroxylase and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase, were highest in the muscles of the youngest animals, decreased up to the age of 2 months and from then on remained virtually unchanged. The enzyme activity in young animals was higher in the slow collagenous soleus muscle than in the rectus femoris muscle. The enzyme activity in the soleus muscle was higher for older trained rats than older untrained rats. The relative proportion of type I collagen increased and that of type III collagen decreased with age, suggesting a more marked contribution by type I collagen to the agerelated accumulation of total muscular collagen. The results show that collagen biosynthesis decreases with maturation and that life-long endurance training maintains a higher level of biosynthesis in slow muscles. 相似文献
8.
The effects of 5, 10, and 20% dietary xylitol supplementations on the biomechanical properties, histological architecture,
and the contents of collagen, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline in long bones of rats were studied. Tibiae were used for
the three-point bending test, and femurs were used for the torsion and loading test of the femoral neck. The 10 and 20% oral
xylitol administrations caused a significant increase of tibial stress, femoral shear stress, and stress of the femoral neck
as compared with the controls. Parallel, but not significant, effects were also seen in the 5% xylitol supplementation group.
No significant differences in strain or Young's modulus of the tibiae were detected between the groups. An increased shear
modulus of elasticity in femurs was detected in the 20% supplementation group as compared with the controls. The histomorphometrical
data for the secondary spongiosa of the proximal tibia revealed that trabecular bone volume was significantly greater in all
dietary xylitol supplementation groups as compared with the controls. The bone volume increased along with increasing xylitol
content. No significant differences between the groups were detected concerning the amount of collagen per dry weight of organic
matrix, the concentrations of pyridinoline or deoxypyridinoline in collagen, or the ratio of these crosslinks. This suggests
no xylitol-dependent selective changes in these structures of bone collagen. In conclusion, dietary xylitol supplementation
in rats improves the biomechanical properties of bone and increases the trabecular bone volume dose dependently.
Received: 30 January 1997 / Accepted: 1 October 1998 相似文献
9.
A study of 11 patients with "double pylorus" revealed that a second channel between the gastric antrum and the duodenal bulb is the result of ulcer penetration. The fistula can be a sign of spontaneous recovery from ulcerative disease; the fistula occurred in conjunction with clinical improvement in the majority of the patients. The advantages of radiological vs. endoscopic diagnostic procedures are discussed. 相似文献
10.
L Patel PE Clayton ME Jenney JE Ferguson TJ David 《Archives of disease in childhood》1997,76(6):505-508
Cross sectional studies have reported impaired growth in children with atopic dermatitis. If this growth impairment is irreversible, it would be expected to adversely influence final height attainment. The standing heights and other anthropometric parameters were assessed in 35 adults with onset of atopic dermatitis before 5 years of age and a control group of 35 adults with adult onset contact dermatitis or psoriasis. There was no significant difference in the standing height SD score, mid-parental height SD score, sitting height SD score, subischial leg length SD score, nor body mass index between the atopic dermatitis and control groups. The standing height SD score was not significantly different among: (a) patients with atopic dermatitis affecting less than 50% of their body surface area and those with greater than 50% affected; (b) patients using the four different potency topical corticosteroids; and (c) patients with atopic dermatitis without asthma and those with coexisting asthma. It is concluded that short stature is not a feature of our group of adult patients with onset of atopic dermatitis before 5 years of age, continuing into adulthood, and severe enough to require specialist care. This suggests that if growth impairment occurs in childhood, it is likely to be temporary and reversible. 相似文献