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1.
A mixed‐method study of effects of a therapeutic play intervention for children on parental anxiety and parents' perceptions of the intervention 下载免费PDF全文
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Hysterosalpingography was performed in 31 patients by means of a low-dose scanning-beam digital radiographic system. The technique permits adequate evaluation of gynecologic abnormalities while allowing significant reduction in radiation: 2.4-mR (6.1 X 10(-7) C/kg) exposure to the skin and 0.7-mrad (7 X 10(-6) Gy) mean dose to the ovaries per image obtained. Sixteen patients demonstrated readily recognizable and documented abnormalities, corroborated by laparoscopy, laparotomy, or other supportive evidence. 相似文献
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Diet is one of many factors that influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs. The level of protein intake has been found to significantly influence drug metabolism and glomerular filtration, both of which play an important role in the clearance of drugs. Recently, a marked change, resulting from restricted dietary protein intake, has been reported in the handling of several drugs which are reabsorbed and/or secreted by the renal tubules. In studies of healthy volunteers on protein-restricted diets the renal clearance and fractional excretion of model compounds have been altered, falling to 30% of values obtained on normal diets in the case of the weak acids oxipurinol and uric acid; the fractional excretion of the weak base cimetidine has been increased by 30%. These studies have also found that the change in the renal clearance of both acids is sustained with prolonged dietary protein-calorie restriction, and that, for oxipurinol, the magnitude of the change is directly related to the quantity of protein in the diet, the change is related specifically to the protein content in the diet (and not the total calories), the onset of change is rapid, and on a low-protein diet the renal clearance undergoes marked diurnal variation. The mechanism for the alteration in tubular function is not clear, but may be related to renal haemodynamic changes or competition for transport associated with protein intake. Regardless of the mechanism, these results have important implications for pharmacokinetic research and clinical practice. 相似文献
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Identification and localization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor proteins in brain with subtype-specific antibodies 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
A I Levey C A Kitt W F Simonds D L Price M R Brann 《The Journal of neuroscience》1991,11(10):3218-3226
mRNAs encoding five genetically distinct muscarinic ACh receptors are present in the CNS. Because of their pharmacological similarities, it has not been possible to detect the individual encoded proteins; thus, their physiological functions are not well defined. To characterize the family of proteins, a panel of subtype-selective antibodies was generated against recombinant muscarinic receptor proteins and shown to bind specifically to each of the cloned receptors. Using immunoprecipitation, three receptor proteins (m1, m2, and m4) accounted for the vast majority of the total solubilized muscarinic binding sites in rat brain. These receptor subtypes had marked differences in regional and cellular localization as shown by immunocytochemistry. The m1-protein was present in cortex and striatum and was localized to cell bodies and neurites, consistent with its role as a major postsynaptic muscarinic receptor. The m2-receptor protein was abundant in basal forebrain, scattered striatal neurons, mesopontine tegmentum, and cranial motor nuclei; this distribution is similar to that of cholinergic neurons and suggests that m2 is an autoreceptor. However, m2 was also present in noncholinergic cortical and subcortical structures, providing evidence that this subtype may presynaptically modulate release of other neurotransmitters and/or function postsynaptically. The m4-receptor was enriched in neostriatum, olfactory tubercle, and islands of Calleja, indicating an important role in extrapyramidal function. These results clarify the roles of these genetically defined receptor proteins in cholinergic transmission in brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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P Iranzo MM Alsina I Martínez-De Pablo S Segura JM Mascaró C Herrero 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2007,21(7):902-907
BACKGROUND: The mainstay of treatment for pemphigus is systemic corticosteroids. Different adjuvants have been used to reduce side-effects of long-term corticotherapy. Gold is an anti-inflammatory drug used in autoimmune diseases, whose use has waned with the advent of new immunosuppressive agents. OBJECTIVE: To study the outcome of the use of intramuscular gold treatment of pemphigus vulgaris refractory to previous therapies. METHODS: Thirteen patients with pemphigus vulgaris who had failed to respond to several prior therapies were treated with aurothiomalate, as a steroid-sparing agent. Patients were monitored to assess disease activity and gold toxicity. RESULTS: Seven patients achieved complete remission. Four patients were able to taper prednisone doses, although pemphigus flared when prednisone was discontinued or reduced. Toxicity was observed in the other two patients. CONCLUSIONS: In 53.4% of the patients, the use of chrysotherapy resulted in the complete clearing of the disease, discontinuation of all systemic therapies and induced a long-term clinical remission. Prednisone doses were able to be reduced in the remaining 46.6%. Any side-effects were reversible with drug discontinuation. Gold therapy showed efficacy as a secondary line treatment in refractory pemphigus vulgaris. 相似文献
8.
D Mahalanabis H Ashraf MM Rahman GJ Fuchs 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1998,87(11):1113-1115
One-hundred and six male children aged 6-23 months with a history of acute watery diarrhoea of less than 72 h duration were randomized to receive either folic acid in a dose of 5 mg at 8-h intervals or placebo for 5 d. There were 54 children in the folic acid group and 52 in the placebo group. The admission characteristics were comparable between the two groups. No significant differences were observed in the intake of oral rehydration solution or stool output between the groups. The mean ± SD of total stool output (g kg−1 ) was 532 ± 476 vs 479 ± 354 and the duration (h) of diarrhoea was 108 ± 68 vs 103 ± 53 in the folic acid vs placebo group, respectively. The findings, therefore, should have a positive influence on preventing the inappropriate use of folic acid in acute diarrhoea. 相似文献
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Incidence and determinants of moderate COPD (GOLD II) in male smokers aged 40–65 years: 5-year follow up 下载免费PDF全文
Roeland MM Geijer Alfred PE Sachs Theo JM Verheij Philippe L Salom Jan-Willem J Lammers Arno W Hoes 《The British journal of general practice》2006,56(530):656-661
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem with an estimated prevalence of 10-15% among smokers. The incidence of moderate COPD, as defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), is largely unknown. AIM: To determine the cumulative incidence of moderate COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio [FEV1/FVC] <0.7 and FEV1 <80% predicted) and its association with patient characteristics in a cohort of male smokers. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The city of IJsselstein, a small town in the Netherlands. METHOD: Smokers aged 40-65 years who were registered with local GPs, participated in a study to identify undetected COPD. Baseline measurements were taken in 1998 of 399 smokers with normal spirometry (n = 292) or mild COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.7 and FEV1 >or=80% predicted, n = 107) and follow-up measurements were conducted in 2003. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 5.2 years, 33 participants developed moderate COPD (GOLD II). This showed an estimated cumulative incidence of 8.3% (95% CI = 5.8 to 11.4) and a mean annual incidence of 1.6%. No participant developed severe airflow obstruction. The risk of developing moderate COPD in smokers with baseline mild COPD (GOLD I) was five times higher than in those with baseline normal spirometry (one in five versus one in 25). CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of middle-aged male smokers, the estimated cumulative incidence of moderate COPD (GOLD II) over 5 years was relatively high (8.3%). Age, childhood smoking, cough, and one or more GP contacts for lower respiratory tract problems were independently associated with incident moderate COPD. 相似文献