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排序方式: 共有336条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Paediatric dacryocystorhinostomy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
KN Hakin FRCS FRCOphth TJ Sullivan FRACO FRACS A Sharma FCOphth † RAN Welham FRCS FCOphth † 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1994,22(4):231-235
Of 258 cases of dacryocystorhinostomy performed on children in the period September 1981 to September 1991, 130 were for simple, unresolved congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Other indications for surgery included punctal agenesis, lacrimal fistula, post-traumatic and post-inflammatory canalicular obstruction. Of 177 children without canalicular pathology, 171 (96%) were relieved of symptoms with one operation, without canalicular intubation. Of 81 cases with canalicular disease, 55 of 70 (79%) who underwent DCR plus canalicular intubation, and 10 of 11 who underwent DCR plus Lester-Jones tube, were substantially improved with one operation. No child required peroperative or postoperative blood transfusion. Dacryocystorhinostomy in childhood, in experienced surgical hands, is a safe procedure, achieving relief of symptoms in most cases, particularly in the absence of canalicular disease. 相似文献
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Mutuku A. Mwanthi Violet N. Kimani 《International journal of environmental health research》1993,3(2):73-81
In this century, the use of pesticides and fertilizers (agrochemicals) is indispensable because they are seen as a panacea for protecting crops from insects and diseases. However, the manner in which these agrochemicals are handled poses significant health risks to manufacturers, transporters, vendors and farmers. In Kenya, for example, coffee factory workers (specifically storekeepers) apportion the agrochemicals and sell them to the coffee farmers. The process of apportioning and other factors expose these workers to health risks. In order to evaluate the extent of the problem, a pilot study was undertaken in the Githuguri location. The results showed that lack of use of protective clothing, poor handling of agrochemicals and poorly designed storage facilities were very common. As a result, 95% of the workers interviewed reported a variety of agrochemical health related problems. In conclusion, the government and the public role regarding possible preventive measures were proposed. 相似文献
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Immunity after treatment of human schistosomiasis: association between cellular responses and resistance to reinfection. 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
M Roberts A E Butterworth G Kimani T Kamau A J Fulford D W Dunne J H Ouma R F Sturrock 《Infection and immunity》1993,61(12):4984-4993
Previous studies have demonstrated the development of an age-dependent resistance to reinfection after chemotherapeutic cure of the helminthic parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Here we report on a longitudinal investigation of cell-mediated responses in infected individuals before and after treatment which was designed to outline those parameters important in mediating a protective response. A well-defined study group of 89 individuals with an age range of 9 to 35 years was selected from an area of high S. mansoni transmission in the Machakos district of Kenya. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine production (interleukin-2 [IL-2], gamma interferon IL-5, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor) in response to different crude life cycle-stage antigens of S. mansoni were assessed longitudinally in vitro before, 3 months after, and 1 year after treatment. Detailed statistical analyses of the results from this study have indicated a clear negative association between the proliferative responses to adult- and schistosomulum-stage antigens and subsequent reinfection intensity in older individuals (14 to 35 years) which was not present in the younger individuals (9 to 13 years). This association was significant even after the effects of age, sex, and exposure had been accounted for in multiple regression analyses. Cytokines were detected predominantly in response to adult worm and egg antigen extracts. An inverse association between the two cytokines gamma interferon and IL-5 was detected in response to all antigens at the three time points investigated, indicating cross-regulation in the production of these two mediators. Differences in antigen-specific cytokine levels between the two age groups were detected, with significantly higher IL-5 levels detected in the older (more resistant) age group. An inverse correlation between this cytokine and reinfection was detected but could not be dissociated from the effects of age and exposure in multiple regression analysis. 相似文献
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Khat products and chewing practices are common in East Africa, Middle East for centuries with concomitant socio-economic and public health repercussions. We assessed memory deficits associated with khat use in rodents. Young male CBA mice, 5–7 weeks old (n?=?20), weighing 25–35 g were used. Mice were treated with either 40, 120 or 360 mg/kg body weight (bw) methanolic khat extract, or 0.5 ml saline for 10 days. Spatial acquisition, reversal and reference memory were assessed using modified Morris Water maze (MMWM). Mice treated with 40 mg/kg khat extract had longer (t4?=?4.12 p?=?0.015) and t4?=?2.28 p?=?0.065) escape latency on first and second day during reversal relative to the baseline. Under 120 mg/kg khat dose, the escape latency was shorter (t4?=??2.49 p?=?0.05) vs (t3?=??2.5 p?=?0.05) on third and fourth day. Further, treatment with 360 mg/kg khat extract resulted in significantly longer time (49.13, 33.5, 40.2 and 35.75) vs. (23.5 s), compared to baseline. Mice treated with khat or control preferred the target quadrant post acquisition while differential pattern was seen during reversal phase. Mice treated with 40 or 120 mg/kg khat showed significant preference for target quadrant. Substantial time (19.9) was spent in the old target compared to the new (16.9 s) by animals treated with highest dose however, the difference was not significant. There is a biological plausibility that chronic khat use may induce memory deficits and impair cognitive flexibility. The differential patterns of memory deficits may reflect the differences in dose effect as well as time dependent impairment. 相似文献
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Anzala AO Simonsen JN Kimani J Ball TB Nagelkerke NJ Rutherford J Ngugi EN Bwayo JJ Plummer FA 《The Journal of infectious diseases》2000,182(2):459-466
In Kenya, the median incubation time to AIDS in seroconverting sex workers is 4 years; this incubation time is specific to female sex workers. We studied the influence of acute sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on several immunologic parameters in 32 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-positive and 10 HIV-1-negative women sex workers who were followed for 1-5 months. Plasma cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors, CD4 and CD8 T cell counts, and HIV-1 plasma viremia were quantitated before, during, and after episodes of STI. Increases in interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and viremia and a decline in CD4(+) T cell counts occurred during gonococcal cervicitis and returned to baseline after treatment. Increases in viremia correlated with increased IL-4 and decreased IL-6 concentrations. Similar changes were seen among women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Acute bacterial STI resulted in increased HIV-1 viremia. This may be mediated through increased inflammatory cytokines or through modulation of immune responses that control HIV-1 viremia. 相似文献
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