全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1177篇 |
免费 | 109篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 29篇 |
妇产科学 | 5篇 |
基础医学 | 190篇 |
口腔科学 | 57篇 |
临床医学 | 98篇 |
内科学 | 244篇 |
皮肤病学 | 41篇 |
神经病学 | 96篇 |
特种医学 | 145篇 |
外科学 | 200篇 |
综合类 | 16篇 |
预防医学 | 63篇 |
眼科学 | 6篇 |
药学 | 58篇 |
肿瘤学 | 60篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 18篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 42篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 37篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 27篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 37篇 |
2013年 | 40篇 |
2012年 | 49篇 |
2011年 | 40篇 |
2010年 | 51篇 |
2009年 | 36篇 |
2008年 | 56篇 |
2007年 | 57篇 |
2006年 | 40篇 |
2005年 | 44篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 39篇 |
2001年 | 45篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 28篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1309条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Dose-response comparisons of five lung surfactant factor (LSF) preparations in an animal model of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《British journal of pharmacology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
D. Hfner R. Beume U. Kilian G. Krasznai B. Lachmann 《British journal of pharmacology》1995,115(3):451-458
1. We have examined the effects of five different lung surfactant factor (LSF) preparations in the rat lung lavage model. In this model repetitive lung lavage leads to lung injury with some similarities to adult respiratory distress syndrome with poor gas exchange and protein leakage into the alveolar spaces. These pathological sequelae can be reversed by LSF instillation soon after lavage. 2. The tested LSF preparations were: two bovine: Survanta and Alveofact: two synthetic: Exosurf and a protein-free phospholipid based LSF (PL-LSF) and one Recombinant LSF at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 body weight and an untreated control group. 3. Tracheotomized rats (10-12 per dose) were pressure-controlled ventilated (Siemens Servo Ventilator 900C) with 100% oxygen at a respiratory rate of 30 breaths min-1, inspiration expiration ratio of 1:2, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) of 28 cmH2O at positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 8 cmH2O. Two hours after LSF administration, PEEP and in parallel PIP was reduced from 8 to 6 (1st reduction), from 6 to 3 (2nd reduction) and from 3 to 0 cmH2O (3rd reduction). 4. Partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2, mmHg) at 5 min and 120 min after LSF administration and during the 2nd PEEP reduction (PaO2(PEEP23/3)) were used for statistical comparison. All LSF preparations caused a dose-dependent increase for the PaO2(120'), whereas during the 2nd PEEP reduction only bovine and recombinant LSF exhibited dose-dependency. Exosurf did not increase PaO2 after administration of the highest dose. At the highest dose Exosurf exerted no further improvement but rather a tendency to relapse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
4.
During the time from 1982/83 the intracranial pressure was continuously measured from patients who were polytraumatized and also had severe head injuries. In 53% of these cases the first readings could be obtained within 6 hours after the injury and in 33% first after 12 hours. During the time of evaluation this relationship shifted to earlier implantation. From 27% of these patients the intracranial pressure values fell into a range that instigated immediate therapeutical measures. This proves how important it is to have a direct reading from the intracranial pressure as soon as possible after injury. The aspects of therapy by increased intracranial pressure were discussed. 相似文献
5.
Motoaki Nakamura Dean F Salisbury Yoshio Hirayasu Sylvain Bouix Kilian M Pohl Takeshi Yoshida Min-Seong Koo Martha E Shenton Robert W McCarley 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2007,62(7):773-783
BACKGROUND: Overall neocortical gray matter (NCGM) volume has not been studied in first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ) at first hospitalization or longitudinally to evaluate progression, nor has it been compared with first-episode affective psychosis (FEAFF). METHODS: Expectation-maximization/atlas-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tissue segmentation into gray matter, white matter (WM), or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at first hospitalization of 29 FESZ and 34 FEAFF, plus 36 matched healthy control subjects (HC), and, longitudinally approximately 1.5 years later, of 17 FESZ, 21 FEAFF, and 26 HC was done. Manual editing separated NCGM and its lobar parcellation, cerebral WM (CWM), lateral ventricles (LV), and sulcal CSF (SCSF). RESULTS: At first hospitalization, FESZ and FEAFF showed smaller NCGM volumes and larger SCSF and LV than HC. Longitudinally, FESZ showed NCGM volume reduction (-1.7%), localized to frontal (-2.4%) and temporal (-2.6%) regions, and enlargement of SCSF (7.2%) and LV (10.4%). Poorer outcome was associated with these LV and NCGM changes. FEAFF showed longitudinal NCGM volume increases (3.6%) associated with lithium or valproate administration but without clinical correlations and regional localization. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal NCGM volume reduction and CSF component enlargement in FESZ are compatible with post-onset progression. Longitudinal NCGM volume increase in FEAFF may reflect neurotrophic effects of mood stabilizers. 相似文献
6.
Biochemical characteristics of 130 recent isolates from Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. 总被引:9,自引:4,他引:9
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
A total of 130 Haemophilus strains, comprising virtually all isolates from Danish and Norwegian cases of Haemophilus meningitis occurring in the period from October 1975 through September 1976, were examined by biochemical and serological means. All isolates were identified as H. influenzae and, except for one noncapsulated strain, possessed a capsule of serotype b. The vast majority of strains (93%) belonged to biotype I, which, in contrast to biotypes II and III, is rarely encountered as a commensal of the upper respiratory tract. This finding is a strong incentive for studies of possible additional virulence factors associated with biotype I organisms. The results are discussed in the light of North American reports, which have suggested changes in the etiology of Haemophilus meningitis. 相似文献
7.
Lack of cleavage of immunoglobulin A (IgA) from rhesus monkeys by bacterial IgA1 proteases. 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Infection and immunity》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Bacterial immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) proteases cleaving IgA1 and secretory IgA1 molecules in the hinge region are believed to be important virulence factors. Previous studies have indicated that IgA of humans, gorillas, and chimpanzees are the exclusive substrates of these enzymes. In a recent study, IgA from the rhesus monkey was found to be susceptible to the IgA1 protease activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In an attempt to reproduce this observation, we found that neither five isolates of S. pneumoniae nor other IgA1 protease-producing bacteria representing different cleavage specificities caused cleavage of rhesus monkey IgA. Hence, the rhesus monkey does not appear to be a suitable animal model for studies of IgA1 proteases as virulence factors. 相似文献
8.
Retained antigen-binding activity of Fab alpha fragments of human monoclonal immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) cleaved by IgA1 protease 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Infection and immunity》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) proteases may be important virulence factors of certain bacteria involved in the pathogenesis of meningitis, gonorrhea, destructive periodontal diseases, and some other infections affecting mucosal membranes. This study evaluated the antigen-binding activity of free Fab alpha fragments released from human myeloma IgA1 by IgA1 protease from Haemophilus influenzae. Six myeloma proteins with antibody activity against streptolysin O, alpha-staphylolysin, or streptococcal hyaluronidase were used. Complete cleavage of the IgA1 myeloma proteins in the hinge region of the heavy chain did not affect their antigen-binding capacity. The titers of neutralizing activity associated with free Fab alpha fragments were not significantly different from those of the intact IgA1 proteins. The retained antigen-binding capacity of cleaved IgA1 is an important factor in the understanding of how IgA1 proteases may interfere with the immune protection of mucosal membranes. 相似文献
9.
Pre-eclampsia, one of the most significant health problems inhuman pregnancy, complicates 6-7% of all gestations and is theleading cause of fetal growth retardation, infant morbidityand mortality, premature birth and maternal death. Recent researchimplicates free radicals in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.This review covers the biochemistry of nitric oxide (NO) andpossible interactions with other free radicals. Studies in therat show that pregnancy is associated with enhanced productionand responsiveness to NO in both reproductive tissues and bloodvessels. Rats infused with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor) have been used as an animalmodel of pre-eclampsia, and the effects of steroid hormoneson blood pressure in this model have been tested. Results suggestthat pre-eclampsia may be a state of NO deficiency. However,in humans there seem to be contradictions regarding the involvementof NO in maternal adaptation to pregnancy. It is suggested thatNO may be one of several systems that act in concert to maintaina symbiotic relationship between mother and fetus. However,the input of each system may be genetically determined. 相似文献
10.
Dohle GR; Ramos L; Pieters MH; Braat DD; Weber RF 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(3):620-623
Male genital tract obstructions may result from infections, previous
inguinal and scrotal surgery (vasectomy) and congenital bilateral absence
of the vas deferens (CBAVD). Microsurgery can sometimes be successful in
treating the obstruction. In other cases and in cases of failed surgical
intervention, the patient can be treated by microsurgical or percutaneous
epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA, PESA) or testicular sperm extraction
(TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We present the results
of 39 ICSI procedures for obstructive azoospermia in 24 couples. The
aetiology of the obstruction was failed microsurgery in 11 patients, CBAVD
in nine and genital infections in four. Sperm retrieval was accomplished
via MESA in four cases, PESA in 18 cases and via TESE in 11 cases. TESE was
only applied when PESA failed to produce enough spermatozoa for
simultaneous ICSI. In six patients, the ICSI procedure was performed with
cryopreserved spermatozoa after an initial PESA procedure. Fertilization
occurred in 47% of the metaphase II oocytes; embryo transfer was performed
in 92% of procedures and resulted in a clinical pregnancy in 13/39
procedures. Ongoing pregnancy was achieved in 10/39 procedures. One
pregnancy was terminated early after prenatal investigation showed a
cytogenetic abnormality (47,XX+18, Edwards syndrome). The other nine
pregnancies resulted in the live birth of 10 children, without any
congenital abnormalities. Epididymal and testicular retrieved spermatozoa
were successfully used for ICSI to treat obstructive azoospermia, and
resulted in an ongoing pregnancy in 10 of 24 couples (41.6%) after 39 ICSI
procedures, a success rate of 25.6% per treatment cycle and of 27.7% per
embryo transfer.
相似文献