Charcoal and Rifampicin Pharmacokinetics

We investigated the effect of activated charcoal on rifampicin disposition in six healthy subjects. On three occasions (control, phases II and III, separated by 1 week), each subject received 600 mg of rifampicin with 350 ml of water. On the second and third occasions (phases II and III), each subject received in addition to 600 mg of rifampicin and 7.5 and 15 g of activated charcoal, respectively, in 350 ml of water as charcoal slurry. Plasma rifampicin levels were measured from 1 to 24 h postrifampicin ingestion. Treatment with activated charcoal significantly increased the clearance and decreased the maximum peak concentration, half-lives and area under the curves as compared with control treatment without activated charcoal.     

A re-evaluation of plasma sialic acid determination using the periodate resorcinol method versus the enzymatic method

The concentration of plasma sialic acid was estimated using the modified chemical method and the more sensitive enzymatic method in 20 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and 20 control subjects. The mean sialic acid concentration values of the control subjects and subjects with impaired glucose tolerance using the enzymatic method were 1.747 +/- 0.047 and 2.583 +/- 0.070 mmole/l and 1.753 +/- 0.067 and 2.591 +/- 1.02 mmole/l for the chemical method. The intra-assay coefficient of variation for the control subjects and for the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were 1.963% and 1.583%, respectively, for the enzymatic assay and 2.728% and 2.431%, respectively, for the chemical assay. The inter-assay coefficient of variation for the control subjects and for the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were 2.686% and 2.723% for the enzymatic assay, and 3.819% and 3.95% for the chemical assay. Since the values do not differ significantly, the chemical assay is a cost effective method that can be used in large epidemiological studies.     

Development of ultra fast liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of nitrendipine and carvone in skin diffusate samples

A simple and sensitive reverse phase ultra fast liquid chromatographic (UFLC) method for simultaneous determination of nitrendipine and carvone in skin diffusate samples and microemulsions was developed and validated. The separation was achieved using a gradient mobile phase, on an Onyx column. The eluents were monitored by photodiode array detection. The linearity ranges of proposed method were 0.125–50 μg mL⁻¹ and 0.125–30 μg mL⁻¹ for nitrendipine and carvone respectively. The intra-day and inter-day coefficient of variation and percent error values of the assay method were less than 10%. The method was found to be precise, accurate, and specific during the study. The method was successfully applied for simultaneous estimation of nitrendipine and carvone in ex vivo skin diffusate samples and microemulsions.     

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mandible and the infratemporal fossa-A case report

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a sarcoma which commonly occurs in the soft tissues, joints and tendons of the extremities of adults but its occurrence in the oral and maxillofacial region is very rare. We present a rare case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mandible with recurrence in the infratemporal fossa after surgery and radiotherapy. Patient underwent second surgery and complete tumor excision with minimal loss of function was achieved. Patient survived 8 years after surgery and died of natural cause.     

关于马来西亚医院白内障手术并发症的研究:相关因素、类型及预后

目的：研究白内障手术并发症的发生率及其相关影响因素,包括手术经验、手术类型、麻醉方式和术后视力。

方法：回顾性分析在马来西亚地区医院行白内障手术逾2a的患者。查看病人基本信息、手术类型、麻醉方式和医生手术经验,记录术中和术后的并发症以及术后最佳矫正视力。

结果：在1 007名行白内障手术的患者中,并发症发生率为11.1%,其中以后囊破裂最为常见(3.6%)。术中医生的手术经验及麻醉方式对并发症的发生不存在影响。白内障囊内摘除术(ICCE)、白内障超声乳化吸除术失败后转为白内障囊外摘除术(ECCE),均是与白内障并发症发生密切相关的两种手术方式(P<0.001),并且发生并发症的患者术后视力均不理想(P<0.001)。

结论：术中并发症的发生可显著影响术后视力,并与手术方式密切相关,但与医生手术经验和麻醉方式无关。建议今后行白内障囊内摘除术、白内障超声乳化吸除术失败后转为白内障囊外摘除术时,需格外注意并发症的发生,以期减少术后不良视力发生的可能性。     

Association of Ultrasound-Derived Metrics of the Quadriceps Muscle with Protein Energy Wasting in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

This study aimed to assess muscle wasting and risk of protein energy wasting (PEW) in hemodialysis (HD) patients using an ultrasound (US) imaging method. PEW was identified using the ISRNM criteria in 351 HD patients. Quadriceps muscle thickness of rectus femoris (RF) and vastus intermedius (VI) muscles and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the RF muscle (RF_CSA) were measured using US and compared with other physical measures. Associations of US indices with PEW were determined by logistic regression. Irrespective of gender, PEW vs. non-PEW patients had smaller RF, VI muscles, and RF_CSA (all p < 0.001). US muscle sites (all p < 0.001) discriminated PEW from non-PEW patients, but the RF_CSA compared to bio-impedance spectroscopy had a greater area under the curve (AUC, 0.686 vs. 0.581), sensitivity (72.8% vs. 65.8%), and specificity (55.6% vs. 53.9%). AUC of the RF_CSA was greatest for PEW risk in men (0.74, 95% CI: 0.66–0.82) and women (0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.90) (both p < 0.001). Gender-specific RF_CSA values (men < 6.00 cm²; women < 4.47 cm²) indicated HD patients with smaller RF_CSA were 8 times more likely to have PEW (AOR = 8.63, 95% CI: 4.80–15.50, p < 0.001). The US approach enabled discrimination of muscle wasting in HD patients with PEW. The RF_CSA was identified as the best US site with gender-specific RF_CSA values to associate with PEW risk, suggesting potential diagnostic criteria for muscle wasting.     

Role of cyclodextrin complexation in felodipine-sustained release matrix tablets intended for oral transmucosal delivery: in vitro and ex vivo characterization

The objective of the present research was two-fold: To characterize the produced inclusion complex of felodipine (FDP)-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) utilizing lyophilization, and to develop and characterize a complexed sustained-release polymeric matrix tablets intended for buccal delivery. The phase-solubility diagram suggested an A(L) type system with 1:1 stoichiometry. Solid complexes prepared by physical mixing and lyophilization were characterized by thermal and non-thermal analytical techniques to corroborate the fact of complex formation. The sustained-release FDP tablets were produced by direct compression, and these drug or complex-loaded hydrophilic matrices were assessed for in vitro bioadhesion and release modulation, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo residence time. The in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation across the porcine buccal membrane demonstrated that the matrix tablets containing FDP-HPβCD (FH5) solid complex exhibited a complete and sustained drug release pattern, and a significantly higher drug permeation (p?相似文献