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Kajenny Srivaratharajah Beth L. Abramson Jennifer Jairam Alison L. Park Howard Berger Joel G. Ray 《Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada》2018,40(2):193-198
Objective
To determine if visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) depth in early pregnancy differs by maternal ethnicity.Methods
We prospectively evaluated 482 women without pre-pregnancy diabetes. All underwent sonographic measurement of VAT and SAT depth at 11 to 14 weeks' gestation.Results
SAT did not differ between groups, but VAT did. Compared with Canadian-born women (3.9?cm, 95% CI 3.7–4.1), mean VAT depth was higher among Latin American (4.6?cm, 95% CI 4.1–5.2), Sub-Saharan African (5.0?cm, 95% CI 4.0–6.1), and Caribbean (6.0?cm, 95% CI 4.8–7.3) women. Adjusting for age, parity, and 1/height2, the relative risks of having a VAT depth >80th percentile were 1.69 (95% CI 1.05–2.73) for Latin American, 2.24 (95% CI 1.28–3.93) for Sub-Saharan African, and 3.34 (95% CI 1.91–5.84) for Caribbean women, relative to Canadian-born women. Women from these world regions also had a greater percentage of preterm births and emergency CSs.Conclusion
VAT differs appreciably among certain ethnic groups, which may reflect their predisposition to adverse pregnancy outcomes. 相似文献2.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a manifestation of CVD and a marker for other adverse CVD outcomes such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, remains underrecognized and undertreated in women. Contrary to the previous belief that PAD is mainly a disease of white men, contemporary data suggest equal, if not higher, prevalence rates in nonwhite women. Women often present with asymptomatic or atypical disease and seek medical attention with more advanced disease. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates, as well as procedural mortality rates, remain elevated in women compared with men. There are sex-specific markers and comorbidities with a higher female prevalence that are associated with PAD. Greater focus on PAD in cardiovascular trials, equivalent enrollment of women in large trials, and focused prevention strategies may help reduce the economic burden and adverse outcomes associated with PAD in women. 相似文献
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Chronic hypoxic hypercapnia modifies in vivo and in vitro ventilatory chemoreflexes in the cane toad
Srivaratharajah K Cui A McAneney J Reid SG 《Respiratory physiology & neurobiology》2008,160(3):249-258
Previous studies have shown that exposure to chronic hypoxia (CH) and chronic hypercapnia (CHC) alone have opposite effects on central respiratory-related pH/CO(2) chemosensitivity in the cane toad (Bufo marinus). This study examined the effects of chronic hypoxic hypercapnia (CHH) on central pH/CO(2) chemosensitivity. Cane toads were maintained at 10% O(2) and 3.5% CO(2) for 10 days. Changes in central pH/CO(2)-sensitive fictive breathing were measured using in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparations. Whole animal experiments examined the effects of CHH on in vivo ventilatory responses. In vitro, CHH augmented fictive breathing frequency but attenuated the integrated fictive breath area such that total fictive breathing was not altered. The effects on frequency were mediated by changes in the number of episodes/min rather than breaths/episode. In vivo, CHH blunted the ventilatory response to severe hypoxia and moderate hypercapnia. The results indicate that CHH alters breathing pattern in response to central chemoreceptor stimulation in vitro and modifies in vivo ventilatory chemoreflexes. 相似文献
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