侵袭性垂体腺瘤的蛋白表达研究进展

侵袭性垂体腺瘤是指垂体腺瘤浸润性生长,侵犯硬脑膜、海绵窦、骨质等周围组织结构,手术治疗困难,术后容易复发,患者预后差.一般认为它介于良性的垂体腺瘤与恶性的垂体癌之间.为了探索侵袭性垂体腺瘤的发生机制,提高其诊断和治疗水平,越来越多的研究者着眼于侵袭性垂体腺瘤的蛋白表达特点.     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑积水

目的：探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）后脑积水的类型、ＣＴ表现和治疗原则。方法：回顾分析１９８４年６月至１９９７年１２月经手术治疗的２１例动脉瘤性ＳＡＨ后脑积水情况,分别对动脉瘤发生部位、大小、ＳＡＨ次数、Ｈｕｎｔ－Ｈｅｓｓ分级和临床症状进行了统计和分析。结果：治疗后良好１４例,轻残２例,重残２例,死亡３例。结论：脑积水是动脉瘤性ＳＡＨ后的常见并发症之一,对预后有直接的影响。急性梗阻性脑积水以脑室外引流治疗最为有效,慢性交通性脑积水的治疗以脑室腹腔分流为宜     

阑尾杯状细胞腺癌临床病理学观察

目的探讨阑尾杯状细胞腺癌(goblet cell adenocarcinomas,GCA)的临床病理学特征及免疫表型特征,分析其生物学行为。方法收集北京大学第一医院2015—2018年诊断的7例GCA的临床资料,进行形态学观察,按照2019年WHO消化系统肿瘤分类第5版重新分级,并行免疫组织化学EnVision法染色及电镜观察,随访患者并复习相关文献。结果7例患者中男性2例,女性5例;年龄48~72岁,中位年龄58岁。1例为阑尾游离端出现局限性肿物,切面灰白实性,质地中等;其余6例阑尾弥漫增粗;镜下观察均可见低级别GCA,5例同时伴有高级别GCA,3例分级为1级,3例分级为2级及1例分级为3级。6例可见神经侵犯,1例可见脉管癌栓。免疫组织化学染色嗜铬粒素A、突触素、CD56、广谱细胞角蛋白、癌胚抗原、细胞角蛋白20、MLH1、MSH2、MSH6和PMS2均阳性,Ki-67阳性指数5%~50%,p53在高级别GCA的表达强度及阳性细胞数高于低级别GCA。随访14~46个月,6例患者生存,1例患者死亡。结论GCA为阑尾较少见的肿瘤,同时具有神经内分泌及腺上皮的分化,生物学行为从惰性到高度侵袭性均可。     

Abnormal interaction between cognitive control network and affective network in patients with end-stage renal disease

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a common complicated disorder that is generally associated with an altered central nervous system and cognitive impairment. Neuroimaging studies have recorded aberrant brain circuits in patients with ESRD that were closely associated with abnormal clinical manifestations. However, whether the altered interaction was within and/or between these circuits is largely unclear. We investigated brain topological organization and/or module interaction by employing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and modularity network analysis in 24 patients with ESRD and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) subjects. Stroop task was used to evaluate the performance of cognitive control in all subjects. At the global level, ESRD patients exhibited significantly decreased global and local efficiency which were mainly related to abnormal functional connectivity of the amygdala and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Stepwise regression analysis was applied to estimate the relationships between network efficiency and blood biochemistry level (urea, creatine, phosphate, Ca²⁺, hematocrit, cystatin, hemoglobin levels, parathyroid hormone, K⁺ and Na⁺), and only the hematocrit level was significantly associated with global efficiency in patients with ESRD. At the modular level, we discovered an aberrant brain interaction between the amygdala- and IFG-related circuits in the ESRD group, and the regional efficiency of the amygdala was observably relative to the performance of cognitive control in patients with ESRD. Our results suggested that ESRD exhibited aberrant brain functional topological organization and module-level interaction between the affective and cognitive control circuits, providing crucial insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of ESRD patients.     

橡皮圈组织夹内牵引辅助在内镜黏膜下 剥离术治疗结直肠病变中的应用（含视频）

目的评价橡皮圈组织夹内牵引辅助内镜黏膜下剥离术（rubber band and clip facilitated endoscopic submucosal dissection, RAC ESD）治疗结直肠病变的安全性和有效性。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,分析2018年9月—2019年8月间在北京大学第一医院内镜中心接受内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)治疗,符合纳入和排除标准的115例结直肠病变患者,依照ESD手术方式分为RAC ESD组（n=34）及传统ESD组（n=81）,比较两组间手术时间、单位时间切除面积、整块切除率、完全切除率、治愈性切除率、并发症发生率及肿瘤复发率等指标。结果RAC ESD组中位标本面积632(753) cm2,中位手术时间400(550) min,中位单位时间切除面积014(020) cm2/min。传统ESD组中位标本面积471(502) cm2,中位手术时间500(500) min,中位单位时间切除面积009(007) cm2/min。RAC ESD组标本面积略大于传统ESD组,手术时间略短于传统ESD组,但差异均无统计学意义（P均＞005）。RAC ESD组单位时间切除面积明显大于传统ESD组（P=0008）。RAC ESD组整块切除率、完全切除率及治愈性切除率分别为1000%（34/34）、1000%（34/34）及971%（33/34）,传统ESD组分别为1000%（81/81）、963%（78/81）和914%（74/81）。两组均无操作相关并发症发生。经过（100±55）个月随访,两组均无局部复发。结论RAC ESD治疗结直肠病变可提高手术效率,安全有效。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗SiewertⅡ型胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变的临床分析

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal resection,ESD）治疗胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2012年7月—2019年6月间在北京大学第一医院内镜中心接受ESD治疗的67例SiewertⅡ型胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变患者资料,对病变的临床病理特征、整块切除率、完全切除率、治愈性切除率、并发症发生率进行统计分析,并对可能影响治愈性切除的因素进行分析。结果 67例病变中隆起型病变5例,浅表型病变59例,凹陷型病变3例。病变中位直径1.6(1.8)cm,中位手术时间60.0(56.0)min。整块切除率97.0%（65/67）,完全切除率91.0%（61/67）,治愈性切除率82.1%（55/67）。肿瘤最大径（OR=8.457,95%CI：1.227~58.302,P=0.030）及病理类型（OR=15.133,95%CI：1.518~150.870,P=0.021）与非治愈性切除相关。3例（4.5%）患者发生ESD相关并发症,1例术后迟发出血,内镜下止血后好转;2例术后瘢痕狭窄,内镜引导下探条扩张后好转。58例随访患者中1例垂直切缘阳性且未接受后续治疗的患者出现复发;1例患者随访中发现异时性早期胃癌,再次ESD切除。结论 ESD治疗胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变安全有效,操作前应对病变大小、边界、浸润深度进行准确评判,制定适宜的治疗方式及手术策略。     

水杨酸钠可逆性抑制耳蜗螺旋神经节神经元GABAa受体电流

目的探讨水杨酸钠对大鼠耳蜗螺旋神经节神经元(SGN)GABAa受体的作用。方法采用全细胞膜片钳记录技术,观察离体培养大鼠SGN的GABAa受体激活电流的特性及水杨酸钠对其作用特点。结果在SGN上可记录到GABAa受体激动剂GABA诱发的内向电流,该电流呈浓度依赖性且可被荷包牡丹碱所阻断;水杨酸钠作用在SGN上未诱出电流,100μM、500μM的GABA与不同浓度的水杨酸钠(500μM、1000μM、5000μM)分别联合作用时,GABA诱发的电流可被不同程度地抑制,且该抑制作用呈可逆性。结论大鼠SGN上可记录到GABAa受体电流,且水杨酸钠以浓度依赖的方式可逆性抑制GABAa受体电流,抑制作用与GABA浓度有关。     

卡介苗多糖核酸联合依匹斯汀治疗慢性湿疹58例疗效观察

目的探讨卡介苗多糖核酸联合依匹斯汀治疗慢性湿疹的临床疗效及不良反应情况。方法 116例慢性湿疹病例被随机分为观察组和对照组各58例,观察组肌注卡介苗多糖核酸隔日一次,连续4 w,每日口服依匹斯汀10 mg,联合外用丁酸氢化可的松软膏;对照组每日口服依匹斯汀10 mg联合外用丁酸氢化可的松软膏,涂于患处,每日早晚两次。观察两组患者的治疗效果及不良反应情况。结果观察组治愈26例、显效26例,有效6例,总有效率100%;对照组治愈13例、显效20例、有效20例,总有效率91.4%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组复发3例(5.17%),对照组复发13例(22.4%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者均未观察到严重的不良反应。结论卡介苗多糖核酸联合依匹斯汀治疗慢性湿疹疗效确切,不良反应较轻,能显著降低患者的复发率。     

The influence of Gelatin/PCL ratio and 3-D construct shape of electrospun membranes on cartilage regeneration

Scaffolds play an important role in directing three-dimensional (3-D) cartilage regeneration. Our recent study reported the potential advantages of electrospun gelatin/polycaprolactone (GT/PCL) membranes in regenerating 3-D cartilage. However, it is still unknown whether the changes of GT/PCL ratio have significant influence on 3-D cartilage regeneration. To address this issue, the current study prepared three kinds of electrospun membranes with different GT/PCL ratios (70:30, 50:50, 30:70). Adhesion and proliferation of chondrocytes on the membranes were examined to evaluate biocompatibility of the membranes. Cartilage with different 3-D shapes was engineered to further evaluate the influences of GT/PCL ratio on cartilage regeneration. The current results demonstrated that all the membranes with different GT/PCL ratios presented good biocompatibility with chondrocytes. Nevertheless, the high PCL content in the membranes significantly hampered early 3-D cartilage formation at 3 weeks in vivo. Unexpectedly, at 12 weeks, all the cylinder-shaped constructs formed mature cartilage-like tissue with no statistical differences among groups. To our surprise, ear-shaped cartilage regeneration obtained quite different results again: the high PCL content completely disrupted cartilage regeneration even at 12 weeks, and only the least PCL content group formed homogeneous and continuous cartilage with a satisfactory shape and elasticity similar to human ear. All these results indicated that the high PCL content was unfavorable for 3-D cartilage regeneration, especially for the cartilage with a complicated shape, and that GT/PCL 70:30 might be a relatively suitable ratio for ear-shaped cartilage regeneration. The research models established in the current study provide detailed information for cartilage and other tissue regeneration based on electrospun GT/PCL membranes.     

Atorvastatin inhibits myocardin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells

Atorvastatin (ATV), an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, is widely prescribed as a lipid-lowering drug. It also inhibits the RhoA-Rho-associated kinase pathway in vascular smooth muscle (SM) cells and critically inhibits SM function. Myocardin is a coactivator of serum response factor, which upregulates SM contractile proteins. The RhoA-Rho-associated kinase pathway, which directly triggers SM contraction, also increases myocardin gene expression. Therefore, we investigated whether ATV inhibits myocardin gene expression in SM cells. In mice injected with ATV (IP 20 μg/g per day) for 5 days, myocardin gene expression was significantly downregulated in aortic and carotid arterial tissues with decreased expression of myocardin target genes SM α-actin and SM22. Correspondingly, the contractility of aortic rings in mice treated with ATV or the Rho-associated kinase inhibitor Y-27632 was reduced in response to treatment with either KCl or phenylephrine. In cultured mouse and human aortic SM cells, KCl treatment stimulated the expression of myocardin, SM α-actin, and SM22. These stimulatory effects were prevented by ATV treatment. ATV-induced inhibition of myocardin expression was prevented by pretreatment with either mevalonate or geranylgeranylpyrophosphate but not farnesylpyrophosphate. Treatment with Y-27632 mimicked ATV effects on the gene expression of myocardin, SM α-actin, and SM22, further suggesting a role for the RhoA-Rho-associated kinase pathway in ATV effects. Furthermore, ATV treatment inhibited RhoA membrane translocation and activation; these effects were prevented by pretreatment with mevalonate. We conclude that ATV inhibits myocardin gene expression in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a novel mechanism for ATV inhibition of vascular contraction.