8周基础军训对入伍新兵红细胞及其相关指标的影响

目的探讨8周基础军训(basic military training,BMT)对入伍新兵血像中红细胞及其相关指标的影响,为指导科学的军事训练提供参考。方法数据来自新疆边防部队2015年度入伍的50名男性新兵,分别在BMT前后测定并记录受试新兵的红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度及血清铁蛋白等。结果经过8周的BMT,新兵血液中血红蛋白浓度、红细胞计数及血清铁蛋白均显著下降(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 8周BMT可能导致入伍新兵发生运动性贫血,铁缺乏可能是其主要原因。     

生理盐水肠道冲洗辅助治疗真菌性肠炎效果观察

目的 探讨生理盐水肠道冲洗辅助治疗真菌性肠炎的疗效。方法 将72例真菌性肠炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各36例，对照组行常规治疗，观察组在此基础上予以温生理盐水（38～41℃）500～7000ml持续肠道冲洗，3～6h／次，1次／d，治疗1～3次。结果 观察组治疗后肠道pH值显著低于治疗前及对照组治疗后（均P〈0．01），治愈率显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 对真菌性肠炎腹泻患者在常规治疗的基础上，辅以温生理盐水肠道冲洗可显著改善肠道环境，提高治愈率。     

Regulation of DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase in rat pancreas. II. Age-dependent changes in glucocorticoid control.

The effect of glucocorticoid on DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase in the rat pancreas of stable mass has been studied in order to elucidate the mode of control of DNA metabolism in the tissue whose increase in DNA content has reached a steadystate. The DNA synthesis was assessed by the pulse-labeling method using radio-active thymidine as the precursor. The polymerase activity was assayed by measuring the amount of [³H]TTP incorporated in vitro into the acid insoluble fraction in the presence of activated calf thymus DNA. In the pancreas which has ceased to accumulate DNA, the effect of glucocorticoid is monophasic: administration of glucocorticoid inhibits DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activities, but it does not elicit the subsequent stimulation of DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activities such as that observed in the actively growing pancreas. The absence of the stimulatory effect in the older animals is an age-dependent alteration in the tissue-response to the steroid observed for the first time.     

Prognostic variables in male breast cancer

The prognostic role of ploidy status, S phase fraction, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and the expression of p53 and erbB-2 protein in male breast carcinoma (MBC) remains controversial. The primary objective of this study was to determine which of the common prognostic factors for female breast cancer predict prognosis in MBC. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of comorbid illnesses on survival. A retrospective review of demographic data, surgical treatment, pathological staging, adjuvant treatment and follow-up was completed for 16 patients with MBC (1 intraductal and 15 invasive). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was processed for ploidy, S phase fraction, and immunohistochemical detection of estrogen and progesterone receptors plus expression of p53 and erbB-2 protein. Six of 15 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma are currently alive without evidence of disease and a median survival of 61 months. Nine patients died after a median survival of 52 months, with 6 patients having no evidence of recurrent breast cancer. Two of 3 deaths secondary to advanced breast cancer occurred in patients who initially presented with T4 lesions and were staged IIIB. Two of 15 tumors were erbB-2 positive, whereas only 1 tested weakly positive for p53 protein. We observed that MBCs express erbB-2 and p53 proteins infrequently. Neither ploidy status, S phase fraction, nor erbB-2/p53 status provided any apparent improvement in establishing prognosis beyond routine pathological staging. Advanced TNM stage was associated with diminished survival. The majority of MBCs express estrogen and progesterone receptors. Survivals in MBC were reduced in association with comorbid medical conditions.     

22例皮质醇增多症的临床研究

目的：探讨皮质醇增多症的临床表现和内分泌检查等辅助检查的意义.方法：从年龄、性别、病程及实验室检查等方面,观察22例不同原因所致皮质醇增多症患者不同的临床表现和测定实验室检查指标.结果：22例中诊断库欣病（增生型）14例[63.6％,其中13例（92.9％）得到MRI检查证实],肾上腺腺瘤6例[27.3％,均得到MRI检查证实（100％）],另有肾上腺结节样增生1例（4.5％）,异位ACTH综合征1例（4.5％）.临床表现：按出现的频率前4位依次为,库欣病：高血压（100％）、满月脸（92.9％）、向心性肥胖（85.7％）、多血质（85.7％）,肾上腺腺瘤：高血压（100％）、满月脸（100％）、向心性肥胖（100％）、多血质（83.3％）.实验室检查：小剂量地塞米松不能抑制：库欣病与肾上腺腺瘤均为100％.结论：根据高血压、满月脸、向心性肥胖,小剂量地塞米松抑制试验和MRI检查可诊断绝大多数皮质醇增多症.     

苦参素注射液治疗慢性丙型肝炎肝硬化合并糖尿病

【目的】探讨苦参素注射液治疗慢性丙型肝炎肝硬化合并糖尿病的效果。【方法】将86例慢性丙型肝炎肝硬化合并糖尿病患者随机分为静滴苦参素治疗组（A组）和基础保肝治疗对照组（B组），疗程均为3个月。【结果】治疗前后肝功能复常率、血糖好转率、HCV-RNA转阴率有明显差别（P〈0．05）。肝纤维化指标透明质酸酶（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）治疗后有明显下降（P〈0．01），且苦参素治疗组未见明显不良反应。【结论】苦参素注射液对促进肝功能恢复、血糖好转和抑制丙肝病毒复制有一定效果，具有明显的抗纤维化的作用。     

Breast cancer screening.

PURPOSE AND DESIGN: Three breast cancer screening methods are commonly employed: mammography, breast self examination (BSE), and physical examination by trained personnel (PE). Case-control, retrospective, and prospective studies have examined the efficacy of these screening modalities in reducing breast cancer mortality. However, there are three biases pertinent to many of these studies: lead-time, length, and selection biases. The best way to exclude these biases is to compare screened and unscreened women in a randomized controlled trial with breast cancer mortality as the end point. Eight trials have examined the effect of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality and two have examined the impact of screening with BSE. In addition, a large trial will soon be initiated in India to assess the impact of screening by PE on breast cancer mortality. This article reviews these trials and discusses the implications of the studies. RESULTS: The overall results of the randomized controlled trials indicate that mammographic screening in women over age 50 can reduce breast cancer mortality by about 25%. However, its efficacy in women between the ages of 40 and 49 is disputed, and another large trial has been initiated in the United Kingdom to resolve this controversy. Preliminary results of two trials indicate that BSE has no impact on breast cancer mortality. However, longer follow-up of these trials is necessary before drawing any conclusions regarding BSE. CONCLUSIONS: Mammographic screening in postmenopausal women is an effective means of reducing breast cancer mortality. However, the impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality in premenopausal women is disputed. At least four potentially harmful consequences of mammographic screening merit consideration: lead time effect, radiation exposure, false-positives, and overdiagnosis. Thus, women between the ages of 40 and 49, in particular, should be informed of the potential for benefit and harm prior to mammographic screening.