蒙药绿松石的质量标准研究＊

目的 建立蒙药绿松石的质量标准。方法 收集不同产地绿松石，共10批。观察绿松石样品和粉末的性状并进行理化鉴别；按2020年版《中国药典》（四部）通则方法测定绿松石样品中水分、浸出物含量；采用原子吸收光谱法测定绿松石样品铜元素含量。结果 绿松石为不规则、周围带有黑石的块状物，表面蓝绿色，体重，质硬脆，难砸碎，断面呈贝壳状，蜡样光泽，粉末呈灰绿色，无臭，味淡；理化鉴别结果显示，呈铜盐反应；10批次样品中水分含量为0.41%-3.94%（SD=1.37%），浸出物含量为0.21%-0.81%（SD=0.21%），铜元素含量为3.03%-4.63%（SD=0.63%）。结论 初步拟定绿松石中水分含量不得超多5.0%、浸出物含量不得低于0.10%，铜元素含量应为2.60%-4.84%，制定的标准可用于蒙药材绿松石的质量控制。     

优克龙治疗输尿管结石(附60例报告)

目的　观察优克龙 (Urocalun )治疗输尿管结石的疗效和安全性。　方法　对 6 0例输尿管结石直径 <1cm的患者予口服优克龙治疗 ,4 5 0mg/次 ,3次 /d ,服药 5周。　结果　 6 0例患者中结石排出 4 5例 (75 % ) ;10例 (17% )结石位置下降 ;5例 (8% )位置无变化。 4例患者服药后有轻度胃部不适、恶心或口干。　结论　优克龙治疗输尿管结石效果良好。     

Expression of the c-erbB-2-encoded oncoprotein and progesterone receptor in human meningiomas

The present study investigated the expression of c-erbB-2 in 59 meningiomas, including different histological subtypes and anaplastic variants, by immunocytochemistry and molecular biological techniques. Immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody FWP-51 directed against c-erbB-2-encoded oncoprotein gp185 demonstrated variable degrees of immunoreactivity in all meningiomas. The intensity of immunostaining correlated with the degree of expression as assessed by Western analysis in 28 meningiomas using polyclonal antiserum 21N. There was no correlation between the degree of expression and histological variants. Immunoreactivity of all menigiomas was distinctly less intense, however, than that of the human breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3, and slightly lower than that of brain metastases of breast and ovarian carcinomas that served as positive controls for both methods. By Southern analysis all meningiomas showed a single copy of the c-erbB-2 gene. Non-neoplastic arachnoid cap cells also exhibited c-erbB-2 expression and the degree of immunoreactivity was comparable with the majority of meningiomas. These data argue against an overexpression of c-erbB-2 in meningiomas, but rather indicate a cell-type-specific constitutive expression of the c-erbB-2 gene product in meningiomas and their putative progenitor cells. Since a subgroup of meningiomas is known to express progesterone receptors (PR), gp185 immunoreactivity was compared to the hormone receptor status using monoclonal antibody KD68. Fifty-six percent meningiomas showed PR immunoreactivity, but there was no statistically significant correlation with the degree of gp185 expression.This study was supported by a grant of the Tumorzentrum Heidelberg/Mannheim (M.K., No. 10028060)     

Meta-analysis of the effects of educational and psychosocial interventions on management of diabetes mellitus

A meta-analysis of the literature of controlled studies of educational and psychosocial interventions in the treatment of diabetes mellitus yielded 93 studies of 7451 patients testing the effects of eight intervention types: (1) didactic education, (2) enhanced education, (3) diet instruction, (4) exercise instruction, (5) self-monitoring instruction, (6) social learning/behavior modification, (7) counseling, and (8) relaxation training. An overall mean effect size (ES) of +0.51 +/- 0.11 was found moderate but significant (P less than 0.05) improvements for all intervention subjects. Physical outcome and knowledge gain were most affected, followed by psychological status and compliance. Diet instruction and social learning interventions showed the strongest (ES = +0.68 +/- 0.58 and ES = +0.57 +/- 0.42, respectively) and relaxation training the weakest (ES = +0.30 +/- 0.74) effects. Associations between study and sample characteristics and mean ES values were explored with type of setting and methodological weaknesses such as single group design and non-random assignment achieving statistical significance. Neither intervention type, number of visits, sex, age, nor type of diabetes were significantly correlated with mean ES values. Implications of these findings for clinical treatment and future research are discussed.     

彩色多普勒超声心动图与核磁共振诊断主动脉夹层动脉瘤的对比研究

目的　通过彩色多普勒超声心动图 (CDUCG)和核磁共振成像 (MRI)诊断主动脉夹层动脉瘤 (AD)的影像学特征 ,比较两种无创检查技术诊断AD的临床价值。方法　对临床疑诊AD的患者行CDUCG心脏各切面探查 ,重点扫查并测量主动脉各节段异常超声征象 (夹层发生部位、内膜片跨度、管径宽度等 ) ,对相同患者行MRI检查时在扫描图像上辨认并确定夹层发生的部位、撕裂范围等。结果　CDUCG诊断Ⅰ型AD 4例 ,Ⅱ型 2例 ,Ⅲ型AD 1例。MRI对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型AD均可明确诊断。本文 3例Ⅲ型AD经MRI确诊并检出附壁血栓 2例 ,1例Ⅰ型AD可疑 ,余结果同CDUCG。结论　两种技术诊断AD各有优缺点 ,CDUCG偏重于诊断Ⅰ、Ⅱ型 ,MRI适合各型AD的诊断。前者更为迅速、直观 ,重复性强 ,可了解心血管病变的全部信息 ;危急重症患者不宜或难以接受MRI检查。     

T cell response of I-Aq mice to self type II collagen: meshing of the binding motif of the I-Aq molecule with repetitive sequences results in autoreactivity to multiple epitopes

Type II collagen (CII) is of immunological interest because of its repetitive structure and properties as an autoantigen. The mouse gene has recently been cloned, thus enabling T cell-defined epitopes to be identified. Multiple novel epitopes on mouse CII are here detected in the autoreactive T cell response. The major response is directed to an epitope with residues 707-721 located on the CB10 fragment. Some 25 other epitopes are also recognized, including the autologous homologue of the 256-270 epitope which dominates in the response to foreign collagen. The cells reactive with mouse collagen peptides were of Th1 type, as judged by release of IFN-gamma. No significant reactivity was detected to mouse CII peptides during ongoing disease. Alignment of the mouse epitopes revealed a sequence motif with characteristic side chains at residues P1, P4 and P7, and to a lesser extent at P5, within a nonamer core sequence. Binding of these epitopes was simulated in a computer model of the I-Aq molecule, where peptides with anchor residues at P1, P4 and P7 were indeed found to fit the binding groove best. The spacing of pockets and the fine structure of the binding surface of the I-Aq molecule meshes with the repetitive structure of the collagen (X-Y-Gly), thus providing a likely explanation for the occurrence of multiple epitopes. Comparison with human DR binding motifs showed that the I-Aq motif resembles most closely that of the DR4 subtypes which predispose for rheumatoid arthritis.      

Inhibition of hog liver folylpolyglutamate synthetase by 5-substituted 5,8-dideaza analogues of folic acid bearing a terminal L-ornithine residue.

Five new N alpha-(5,8-dideazapteroyl)-L-ornithines have been prepared using multistep synthetic sequences. These include N alpha-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-5,8-dideazapteroyl]-L-ornithine, 3, as well as N alpha-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-5,8-dideazaisopteroyl]-L-ornithine, 4, and its 5-fluoro and 5-chloro analogues. Both of the compounds containing a 5-(trifluoromethyl) group (3 and 4) were found to be excellent inhibitors of homogeneous hog liver folylpolyglutamate synthetase, having Ki values in the same range as N alpha-(5-chloro-5,8-dideazapteroyl)-L-ornithine, 2, (approximately 10 nM). However, the bridge-reversed isomer of 2 was 60-fold less inhibitory than 2.