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1.
Zafra de la Rosa G Venegas-Vega CA Monroy N Contreras-Bucio G Friedrich U Houman M Saad A Fernández P Kofman-Alfaro S Cervantes A 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2005,136(3):259-264
We describe a 4-year-old boy with partial 3q trisomy and distal 8p monosomy. The patient presented with mental retardation, dysmorphic face, congenital heart defect, brain and genital anomalies, and behavioral problems. The conventional cytogenetic analysis showed a 46,XY,add(8p) karyotype. Reverse painting and microsatellite analysis demonstrated a partial monosomy of 8p23.1 --> pter and a partial trisomy of 3q25.1 --> qter. The data suggest that the chromosomal rearrangement originated from a de novo translocation in a paternal germinal cell. The phenotype observed in our patient resulted from the combination of those defects described in the isolated dup(3q) and distal del(8p) syndromes. 相似文献
2.
Houman Homayoun Bita Moghaddam 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2008,105(46):18041-18046
Until recently, all known antipsychotic drugs were thought to block the dopamine D2 receptor. New evidence that agonists of the metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptors ameliorate psychotic and affective symptoms of schizophrenia suggests that compounds with different molecular targets may act on a common cellular target to treat schizophrenia. We hypothesized that normalizing the activity of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a region that is increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, presents such a target. We disrupted OFC activity in behaving rats with a use-dependent NMDA antagonist to model the NMDA hypofunction state that may occur in schizophrenia. This systemic treatment increased the activity of most pyramidal cells while inhibiting the activity of putative inhibitory GABA interneurons and increasing behavioral stereotypy. A similar pattern of OFC firing disruption was observed after amphetamine, which models a dopamine hyperactivity state in schizophrenia and which produces a pattern of firing disruption different from those of NMDA antagonists in other prefrontal cortex regions. Antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and clozapine, which target monoamine receptors, as well as an mGlu2/3 agonist and an mGlu5 receptor modulator proposed to have antipsychotic efficacy, reversed the impact of NMDA hypofunction on OFC cells and on behavior. A similar pattern of normalization of OFC activity was observed when treatments were given after amphetamine. Thus, proven or putative antipsychotic drugs with different mechanisms of action similarly reduced the impact of NMDA hypofunction and dopamine hyperfunction on OFC neurons, suggesting that these neurons are a candidate target for the therapeutic effects of antipsychotic medications. 相似文献
3.
Masliza Mahmod Nikhil Pal Jennifer Rayner Cameron Holloway Betty Raman Sairia Dass Eylem Levelt Rina Ariga Vanessa Ferreira Rajarshi Banerjee Jurgen E. Schneider Christopher Rodgers Jane M. Francis Theodoros D. Karamitsos Michael Frenneaux Houman Ashrafian Stefan Neubauer Oliver Rider 《Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance》2018,20(1):88
Background
Heart failure (HF) is characterized by altered myocardial substrate metabolism which can lead to myocardial triglyceride accumulation (steatosis) and lipotoxicity. However its role in mild HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is uncertain. We measured myocardial triglyceride content (MTG) in HFpEF and assessed its relationships with diastolic function and exercise capacity.Methods
Twenty seven HFpEF (clinical features of HF, left ventricular EF >50%, evidence of mild diastolic dysfunction and evidence of exercise limitation as assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise test) and 14 controls underwent 1H-cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-CMRS) to measure MTG (lipid/water, %), 31P-CMRS to measure myocardial energetics (phosphocreatine-to-adenosine triphosphate - PCr/ATP) and feature-tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for diastolic strain rate.Results
When compared to controls, HFpEF had 2.3 fold higher in MTG (1.45?±?0.25% vs. 0.64?±?0.16%, p?=?0.009) and reduced PCr/ATP (1.60?±?0.09 vs. 2.00?±?0.10, p?=?0.005). HFpEF had significantly reduced diastolic strain rate and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), which both correlated significantly with elevated MTG and reduced PCr/ATP. On multivariate analyses, MTG was independently associated with diastolic strain rate while diastolic strain rate was independently associated with VO2 max.Conclusions
Myocardial steatosis is pronounced in mild HFpEF, and is independently associated with impaired diastolic strain rate which is itself related to exercise capacity. Steatosis may adversely affect exercise capacity by indirect effect occurring via impairment in diastolic function. As such, myocardial triglyceride may become a potential therapeutic target to treat the increasing number of patients with HFpEF.4.
Tropisetron ameliorates early diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
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Anita Barzegar‐Fallah Houman Alimoradi Firouzeh Asadi Ahmad Reza Dehpour Mojgan Asgari Massoumeh Shafiei 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》2015,42(4):361-368
It has been well established that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. It has been shown that tropisetron exerts anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The current study was designed to investigate protective effects of tropisetron on early diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Rats were divided into six groups: (i) untreated diabetic (streptozotocin group); (ii) untreated control; (iii) diabetic rats treated with tropisetron (3 mg/kg); (iv) normal rats treated with tropisetron (3 mg/kg); (v) diabetic rats treated with granisetron (3 mg/kg); and (vi) normal rats treated with granisetron (3 mg/kg); rats began receiving treatment at the time of diabetes induction for 2 weeks. At the termination of the experiments, bodyweight, kidney index, urinary albumin excretion, and glomerular filtration rate were measured. The levels of oxidative stress markers and tumour necrosis factor‐α were also determined. Streptozotocin‐treated animals showed significant loss of bodyweight and renal enlargement and dysfunction. Diabetic rats also exhibited an increase in malondialdehyde along with a significant decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity. Furthermore, the diabetic animals demonstrated a significant rise in renal cortical, urinary tumour necrosis factor‐α, and urinary albumin excretion. Both granisetron and tropisetron decreased blood glucose in diabetic animals, but this decrease was not significant for granisetron. Treatment with tropisetron, but not granisetron, prevented increases in oxidative stress and tumour necrosis factor‐α, decreased urinary cytokine excretion and albuminuria, and improved renal morphological damage. In conclusion, the present study suggests that tropisetron may be a protective agent in early diabetic nephropathy, and its action is mediated, at least in part, by anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms that appear to be independent of the 5‐HT3 receptor. 相似文献
5.
6.
Ben Ghorbel I Ibn Elhadj Z Khanfir M Houman MH 《Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux》2004,97(12):1195-1199
Pulmonary involvement in Behcet's disease is uncommon and pulmonary arterial aneurysms are present in about 1 to 7% of patients. But despite their scarcity, they represent a life-threatening complication and are usually regarded as of a poor prognosis. Our study aims to describe the epidemiological and therapeutic aspects of this condition. Among 180 patients with Behcet's disease according to the criteria of the international study group for Behcet's disease, four were diagnosed as having pulmonary artery aneurysms (2.22%). All were male, the mean age at the time of the diagnosis of pulmonary artery aneurysms was 29.8 years and the mean disease duration was 6.6 years. Hemoptysis was the presenting symptom in all cases. The patients were treated by corticosteroid, colchicine and cyclophosphamide pulses. The outcome was good with disappearance of hemoptysis in all cases and disappearance of pulmonary aneurysms in three. One patient had recurrence of aneurysms 40 months after the first episode and died 18 months later. So, we can hope, thanks to medical treatment, a better outcome than previously reported in this complication. 相似文献
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10.
Tabatabaie P Aghamohammadi A Mamishi S Isaeian A Heidari G Abdollahzade S Pirouzi P Rezaei N Heidarnazhad H Mirsaeid Ghazi B Yeganeh M Cheraghi T Abolhasani H Saghafi S Alizadeh H Anaraki MR 《Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology》2008,7(2):69-77
Bronchiectasis is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by abnormal dilated thick-walled bronchi. To investigate humoral immune function in bronchiectatic patients, this study was performed. Forty patients with established diagnosis of bronchiectasis, who were referred from two tertiary care pulmonology centers in Tehran, were investigated in this study. Immunoglobulin isotypes concentrations and IgG-subclasses were measured by nephelometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, respectively. All patients received unconjugated pneumococcal vaccine, and blood samples were taken before and 21 days after vaccination. Specific antibodies against whole pneumococcal antigens were measured using the ELISA method. Fifteen (37.5%) out of 40 patients were diagnosed to have defects in antibody mediated immunity including 5 (12.5%) patients with immunoglobulin class deficiency (2 with common variable immunodeficiency and 3 with IgA deficiency), 3 (7.5%) with IgG subclass deficiency and 7 (17.5%) patients had Specific antibody deficiency (SAD) against polysaccharide antigen despite normal levels of serum immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses. Our study along with several other studies confirmed that all patients with bronchiectasis should undergo thorough immunological evaluation in order to identify the presence of the underlying immunologic defect. This evaluation should include serum immunoglobulins, IgG subclasses concentrations and also determination of serum antibodies against pneumococcal antigens. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment will prevent the subsequent complications and improve quality of life of affected individuals. 相似文献