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1.
Martin R. Späth Malte P. Bartram Nicolàs Palacio-Escat K. Johanna R. Hoyer Cedric Debes Fatih Demir Christina B. Schroeter Amrei M. Mandel Franziska Grundmann Giuliano Ciarimboli Andreas Beyer Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu Susanne Brodesser Heike Göbel Jan U. Becker Thomas Benzing Bernhard Schermer Martin Höhne Markus M. Rinschen 《Kidney international》2019,95(2):333-349
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The association between family affluence and smoking among 15‐year‐old adolescents in 33 European countries,Israel and Canada: the role of national wealth 下载免费PDF全文
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背景:对于脊椎以外的骨折而言,补充口服维生素D的预防作用和用量仍无定论。
目的:评估补充维生素D在预防老年髋骨骨折和非脊椎骨折方面的效果。
数据来源:使用MEDLINE、Cochrance对照试验记录(1960~2005年)以及EMBASE(1991-2005年),对英文和非英文文章进行系统回顾。通过与临床专家接触,通过检索美国社会骨和骨矿研究协会提供的参考文献和摘要(1995~2004年).进一步寻找更多的研究。检索词包括随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)、临床对照试验、随机分配、双盲法、维生素D3、维生素D2;25-羟基维生素D、骨折、人类、老年、摔倒和骨密度。
研究选取:纳入的研究仅限于口服补充维生素D(维生素D3、维生素D2、补钙或不补钙)与补钙或安慰剂比较的双盲RCTs。试验于检查髋部骨折或非脊椎骨折的老年人(年龄≥60岁)中进行。数据提取:两位作者根据预先规定独立提取相关数据,其中包括研究质量指标。
数据综合:所有的汇总分析均以随机效应模型为基础。5项有关髋部骨折的RCTs(n=9294)和7项有关非脊椎骨折危险的RCTs(n=9820)符合我们的纳入标准。所有试验均使用了维生素D3。对髋部和非脊椎骨折预防研究的异质性亦进行观察,用低剂量(400IU/d)和高剂量(700~800IU/d)分别合并RCTs后异质性消失。与补钙或安慰剂相比,每天服700~800IU的维生素D可使髋部骨折的相对危险(relative risk,aa)下降26%(3项RCTs共计5572人;RR,0.74;95%可信区间[confidence interval,CI],0.61~0.88),使非脊椎骨折的相对危险下降23%(5项RCTs共计6098人;RR,0.77;95%CI,0.68~0.87)。每天服400IU的维生素D(2项RCTs共计3722人;髋部骨折RR,1.15;95%CI,0.88~1.50;非脊椎骨折RR,1.03;95%CI,0.86—1.24)未见明显获益。
结论:口服补充维生素D(700~800IU/d)可以降低尚能活动的老人或慈善机构收容的老年人发生髋部骨折和脊椎以外骨折的危险,每天口服400IU维生素D并不足以预防骨折。 相似文献
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Alexander Stoff MD ; Angel A. Rivera PhD ; N. S. Banerjee PhD ; J. Michael Mathis PhD ; Antonio Espinosa-de-los-Monteros MD ; Long P. Le PhD ; Jorge I. De la Torre MD ; Luis O. Vasconez MD ; Thomas R. Broker PhD ; Dirk F. Richter MD ; Mariam A. Stoff-Khalili MD ; David T. Curiel MD PhD 《Wound repair and regeneration》2006,14(5):608-617
Genetically modified keratinocytes and fibroblasts are suitable for delivery of therapeutic genes capable of modifying the wound healing process. However, efficient gene delivery is a prerequisite for successful gene therapy of wounds. Whereas adenoviral vectors (Ads) exhibit superior levels of in vivo gene transfer, their transductional efficiency to cells resident within wounds may nonetheless be suboptimal, due to deficiency of the primary adenovirus receptor, coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR). We explored CAR-independent transduction to fibroblasts and keratinocytes using a panel of CAR-independent fiber-modified Ads to determine enhancement of infectivity. These fiber-modified adenoviral vectors included Ad 3 knob (Ad5/3), canine Ad serotype 2 knob (Ad5CAV-2), RGD (Ad5.RGD), polylysine (Ad5.pK7), or both RGD and polylysine (Ad5.RGD.pK7). To evaluate whether transduction efficiencies of the fiber-modified adenoviral vectors correlated with the expression of their putative receptors on keratinocytes and fibroblasts, we analyzed the mRNA levels of CAR, alpha upsilon integrin, syndecan-1, and glypican-1 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Analysis of luciferase and green fluorescent protein transgene expression showed superior transduction efficiency of Ad5.pK7 in keratinocytes and Ad5.RGD.pK7 in fibroblasts. mRNA expression of alpha upsilon integrin, syndecan-1 and glypican-1 was significantly higher in primary fibroblasts than CAR. In keratinocytes, syndecan-1 expression was significantly higher than all the other receptors tested. Significant infectivity enhancement was achieved in keratinocytes and fibroblasts using fiber-modified adenoviral vectors. These strategies to enhance infectivity may help to achieve higher clinical efficacy of wound gene therapy. 相似文献
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Peter Chiba Barbara Tell Walter Jger Elisabeth Richter Manuela Hitzlera Gerhard Ecker 《Archiv der Pharmazie》1997,330(11):343-347
A series of 5-hydroxy and 5-benzyloxy analogs of the antiarrhythmic and multidrug resistance (MDR) modulating drug propafenone was synthesized and the MDR-modulating activity of the compounds was evaluated using a daunomycin efflux assay system. The key step of the synthesis is the selective reduction of the double bond in 1 without cleavage of the benzyl group thus leading to the phenol 3 . Alkylation with epichlorohydrine followed by nucleophilic epoxide ring opening gave the benzylated target compounds 5a–d . Subsequent cleavage of the benzyl group gave the 5-hydroxy analogs 6a–d . Structure activity relationship studies showed, that the 5-hydroxy derivates 6a–d fit the log P/log potency correlation line previously established for a series of propafenone analogs. In contrast, all four 5-benzyloxy analogs 5a–d showed almost identical EC50 values, independent of their log P value. 相似文献
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A study was carried out in order to document any abnormalities in the electro-encephalogram (EEG) that might appear in young adolescents who have deliberately inhaled the range of volatile substances loosely referred to as 'glue'. The EEGs of a group of 'street children' being assisted in a Johannesburg shelter were examined. The records were analysed for any clinical abnormalities and also subjected to spectral analysis in order to examine the overall characteristics of frequency, power and spatial distribution. The EEGs clearly revealed that, although at the time of the examination the subjects were ostensibly abstinent, both clinical and normative evidence of continuing brain disturbance was present. It was concluded that glue sniffing is likely to have long term electrocerebral sequelae. 相似文献
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Martin Heine Evgeni Ponimaskin Ulf Bickmeyer Diethelm W. Richter 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2002,443(3):418-426
The HvCNG channel from the moth Heliothis virescens is highly sensitive to cAMP concentrations ranging between 0.1 microM and 5 microM. This HvCNG channel was over-expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf.9) cells to measure endogenous cAMP levels. Hyperpolarization-activated inward currents were measured in the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration with pipettes filled with different cAMP concentrations to calibrate the system. Varying the cAMP concentration between 0 microM and 100 microM in the pipette, the half-maximal activation voltage ( V1/2) was shifted by +28.5+/-1.7 mV. The activation time constant (tau(a)) was used as a parameter for cAMP quantification because it was independent of the expression level of HvCNG channels. tau(a) changed from 1106+/-60 ms at 0 microM cAMP to 265+/-7 ms at a saturating concentration of 1 mM cAMP. A dose-response relationship yielded values of 0.6 microM for the half-maximal cAMP concentration and 1.5 for the Hill coefficient. Activation of endogenous adenylyl cyclases by 50 microM forskolin induced an elevation of the cAMP level by about 1.6+/-0.2 microM. Co-expressions of HvCNG channels in combination with the mouse 5-HT4a- or 5-HT1A- receptors and the corresponding Gs- or Gi-proteins were successful and allowed us to also verify receptor-induced changes of the cAMP level. Stimulation of m5-HT4a-receptors by 0.1 microM 5-HT induced an increase of cAMP of about 4.6+/-1.5 microM, whereas cAMP levels decreased from a control value of 1+/-0.2 microM to 0.41+/-0.1 microM after stimulation of the m5-HT1A-receptors. 相似文献