BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Tattoos have become increasingly popular followed by a growing demand for tattoo removal, and yet there is little knowledge and monitoring of tattoo pigment deposition in skin layers. The purpose of this pilot study is to describe optical coherence tomography image characteristics of intradermal tattoos. METHODS: We included five black tattoos in 3 female volunteers, 39, 35 and 30 years old. In vivo imaging of tattoo pigments in the skin is possible with optical coherence tomography (OCT), a novel non-invasive, in vivo optical imaging technology with a resolution and a penetration in skin high enough for visualization of tattoo pigment in the dermis. RESULTS: In optical coherence tomography images tattoo pigments clusters appear as dark, homogenous vertical columns and structures in the papillary dermis. OCT-scanned normal skin (without tattoos) appeared to be free of this dark structure. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that OCT can be used to visualize clusters of light absorbing pigments in a predictable manner. 相似文献
The clinical symptoms and liver function following hepatic artery embolization (h.a.e.) in patients with inoperable liver neoplasms were evaluated. The study was performed on 28 patients 11 of whom were male in the age of 53-72 years and 17 female aged 16-76. Before embolization liver function was evaluated on the basis of clinical data and laboratory tests. Transcatheter hepatic artery embolization was performed using Spongostan. Following h.a.e. clinical status and biochemical analysis of blood and urine were checked repeatedly. Twenty-two patients developed post embolization syndrome dominated by: epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Fourteen patients and disturbed intestinal motoric. All those symptoms were transient and lasted 1-3 days. Elevated body temperature was observed in 14 patients. There was a statistically significant increase of ALAT & AspAT after embolization lasting for a few days. There were however no statistically significant changes in the results of tymol test and total bilirubin level in blood. 相似文献
We determined the presence of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA), antinative DNA and histone-reactive ANA in 3 groups of chronic schizophrenic patients (n= 85): haloperidol-treated patients (for at least 3 months) (n= 35), drug-free for at least 3 months (n= 35) and neuroleptic-naive patients (n= 15). The autoantibody titers were compared with those of healthy controls (n= 37). A significantly higher frequency of positive ANA was found among chronic schizophrenic patients (~20%) as compared with the controls (~5 %), irrespective of drug treatment, sex and age. No antinative ANA autoantibodies or histone reactive ANA were detected in either schizophrenic patients or controls. Further studies are needed to isolate and characterize in ANA-positive schizophrenic patients 1 a putative specific ANA profile. 相似文献
Summary. Max Br?del (1870–1941), from Leipzig, Germany, is often referred to in the USA as the father of modern medical illustration
and mentioned in the same breath as Leonardo da Vinci or Andreas Vesal. After a classical formal art education in Leipzig
he worked in Carl Ludwig's laboratory of physiology and anatomy, where he came in contact with American physicians. In 1894,
the anatomist F. P. Mall convinced him to work for the recently inaugurated Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore,
where he collaborated with world-famous surgeons such as H. A. Kelly, W. S. Halsted, and H. Cushing. His illustrations were
characterized by meticulous observation, both realistic and explanatory intention, technical superiority, and artistic merit.
In 1911 he established the first “Department of Art as applied to Medicine”. Here, he proved to be an innovative artist, a
creative scientist, and an inspiring and skillful instructor. By the time of Br?del's retirement in 1939, 160 students had
graduated as medical illustrators. His pupils spread his principles and style throughout the USA and Canada, and several similar
academic programs for medical illustration have been founded in these countries.
相似文献
In a comparison of causal attributions following success and failure in hypothetical social, athletic, and academic situations, high self-esteem grade school children were more likely than low self-esteem children to attribute their success to ability and their failure to either lack of effort or bad luck. Low self-esteem children, on the other hand, attributed their success more often than high self-esteem children to good luck (and in social situations to effort and task ease as well) and their failure to lack of ability. Whereas prior studies that focused only on the internal-external dimension found that low and high self-esteem children differed in their attributional style to success but not to failure, the present study found that when distinctions between behavioral and characterological attributions (stability and globality dimensions) were included, the two groups differed significantly in response to both success and failure. Although perhaps not generalizable beyond the present attribution measure, the most pronounced attribution differences between low and high self-esteem children were observed in the social domain, the least in the academic domain, with athletics falling in between. Finally, it was found that sex and age (within the limited fourth- to sixth-grade range examined in the present study) did not alter the overriding difference in attributional style between low and high self-esteem children.This study is based on a doctoral dissertation submitted by the first author under the supervision of the last author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Vermont. 相似文献
Health agencies call for the immediate mobilization of existing interventions in response to numerous child and family mental health concerns that have arisen as result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Answering this call, this pilot study describes the rapid, full-scale change from a primarily clinic-based Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) model to a virtual service model (i.e., I-PCIT) in an academic and community-based program in Miami, Florida. First, we describe the virtual service training model our program developed and its implementation with 17 therapists (MAge?=?32.35, 88.2% female, 47.1% Hispanic) to enable our clinic to shift from providing virtual services to a small portion of the families served (29.1%) to all of the families served. Second, we examine the effect of I-PCIT on child and caregiver outcomes during the 2-month stay-at-home period between March 16, 2020, and May 16, 2020, in 86 families (MChildAge?=?4.75, 71% Hispanic). Due to the rapid nature of the current study, all active participants were transferred to virtual services, and therefore there was no comparison or control group, and outcomes represent the most recently available scores and not treatment completion. Results reveal that I-PCIT reduced child externalizing and internalizing problems and caregiver stress, and increased parenting skills and child compliance with medium to large effects even in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the study examined components of our virtual service training model associated with the greatest improvements in child and caregiver outcomes. Preliminary findings revealed that locally and collaboratively developed strategies (e.g., online communities of practice, training videos and guides) had the strongest association with child and caregiver outcomes. Implications for virtual service delivery, implementation, and practice in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
IntroductionThe human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1) pandemic is characterized by numerous distinct sub‐epidemics (clusters) that continually fuel local transmission. The aims of this study were to identify active growing clusters, to understand which factors most influence the transmission dynamics, how these vary between different subtypes and how this information might contribute to effective public health responses.MethodsWe used HIV‐1 genomic sequence data linked to demographic factors that accounted for approximately 70% of all new HIV‐1 notifications in New South Wales (NSW). We assessed differences in transmission cluster dynamics between subtype B and circulating recombinant form 01_AE (CRF01_AE). Separate phylogenetic trees were estimated using 2919 subtype B and 473 CRF01_AE sequences sampled between 2004 and 2018 in combination with global sequence data and NSW‐specific clades were classified as clusters, pairs or singletons. Significant differences in demographics between subtypes were assessed with Chi‐Square statistics.ResultsWe identified 104 subtype B and 11 CRF01_AE growing clusters containing a maximum of 29 and 11 sequences for subtype B and CRF01_AE respectively. We observed a > 2‐fold increase in the number of NSW‐specific CRF01_AE clades over time. Subtype B clusters were associated with individuals reporting men who have sex with men (MSM) as their transmission risk factor, being born in Australia, and being diagnosed during the early stage of infection (p < 0.01). CRF01_AE infections clusters were associated with infections among individuals diagnosed during the early stage of infection (p < 0.05) and CRF01_AE singletons were more likely to be from infections among individuals reporting heterosexual transmission (p < 0.05). We found six subtype B clusters with an above‐average growth rate (>1.5 sequences / 6‐months) and which consisted of a majority of infections among MSM. We also found four active growing CRF01_AE clusters containing only infections among MSM. Finally, we found 47 subtype B and seven CRF01_AE clusters that contained a large gap in time (>1 year) between infections and may be indicative of intermediate transmissions via undiagnosed individuals.ConclusionsThe large number of active and growing clusters among MSM are the driving force of the ongoing epidemic in NSW for subtype B and CRF01_AE. 相似文献
Background: The treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis has many limitations, and further investigation to identify more effective approaches is required. We therefore studied the possible contribution of the debridement effect of 193-nm excimer laser on Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbit eyes. Methods: Pseudomonas keratitis was induced in 30 rabbit eyes by inflicting controlled central corneal scratches and applying a drop of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension. After 24 h, one cornea of each animal was photo-ablated (excimer laser: fluency 90 mJ/cm2, 10 Hz, 213 pulses), yielding 50 m of tissue ablation, while the follow cornea served as control. Five groups of six animals each were formed and received: a subconjunctival injection of gentamicin 20, mg (group 1), topical 14 mg/ml gentamicin hourly (group 2) or every 2.5 h (group 3), or NaCl 0.9% hourly (group 4) for 8 h. In group 5, animals were sacrificed without additional treatment. After 9 h corneas were excised, homogenized, serially diluted, and plated on agar blood plates. The numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) per cornea were statistically evaluated (Mann-Whitney test). Results: In control eyes, a greater decrease of CFU was observed in group 2 than in group 3 (P = 0.03). In laser-ablated eyes, there was no difference in CFU between groups 2 and 3. Comparison of the excimer-treated and control eyes revealed a greater number of bacteria (CFU) in controls only in group 3 (P=0.02). Conclusion: Our study suggests that controlled debridement of cornea with excimer laser may improve the effect of topical antibiotics.Presented at ECORA First Annual Meeting, 5 October 1993, Bonn, Germany 相似文献