Clinicopathological profile of carcinoma of oesophagus at Aligarh.

Forty-seven patients with oesophageal carcinoma were managed in 6 years' time. Average duration of illness was 5.5 months. History of chronic smoking and/or tobacco chewing was present in 80.85% of patients. Carcinoma included squamous cell variety (80.85%) and adenocarcinoma (19.15%). Thirty-one patients were in stage III while 16 patients were in stage II. Surgery included oesophagogastrectomy/oesophagogastrostomy (16 patients), feeding gastrostomy (11 patients), Mousseau-Barbin tube insertion (10 patients), only 10 patients were subjected to palliative radiotherapy. All patients after palliative treatment died within one year whereas 3-year and 5-year survivals after oesophagogastrectomy/oesophagogastrostomy were 68.75% and 31.25% respectively. Local lymph node metastasis adversely affected the 5-year survival rate.     

Characteristics of patients with congenital clasped thumb: a prospective study of 40 patients with the results of treatment

Purpose  Congenital clasped thumb is a deformity that is associated with heterogeneous congenital anomalies and it has been addressed in many congenital syndromes. The aim of this study was to diagnose and evaluate cases of clasped thumb as regards the associated congenital anomalies and syndromes, and evaluation of the results of treatment of such cases. Methods  A prospective study on 40 patients with 73 clasped thumbs was done. All the patients’ data regarding their personal, family, pregnancy and developmental histories were recorded. All the patients were exposed to thorough clinical and radiological examination and genetic assessment. The cases were classified using the Tsuyuguchi et al. (J Hand Surg [Am] 10:613–618, 1985) classification into three types. Conservative treatment was adopted in ten hands, and surgical treatment was performed for 28 hands in 17 patients, with an average follow-up of 26 months. Results  Positive consanguinity was recorded in 57.5% of cases. Associated anomalies were recorded in 77.5% of cases. Type I was the most common one, followed by type III and then type II. Conservative treatment is effective in type I cases when presented early, and all patients were satisfied with the results of surgical treatment. Conclusions  We reported associated anomalies which are to our knowledge have not mentioned before in the literature which include; congenital blindness, radial deviation of the index finger and ventricular septal defect. We found that 68% of the patients had associated syndromes, and this has not been mentioned before. In this study, we found that there were no difference between type II and type III clasped thumb as regards the pathological findings, severity, the operative procedures, the treatment protocol and the operative results. Properly planned treatment gives satisfactory results.     

Imaging of intradermal tattoos by optical coherence tomography

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Tattoos have become increasingly popular followed by a growing demand for tattoo removal, and yet there is little knowledge and monitoring of tattoo pigment deposition in skin layers. The purpose of this pilot study is to describe optical coherence tomography image characteristics of intradermal tattoos. METHODS: We included five black tattoos in 3 female volunteers, 39, 35 and 30 years old. In vivo imaging of tattoo pigments in the skin is possible with optical coherence tomography (OCT), a novel non-invasive, in vivo optical imaging technology with a resolution and a penetration in skin high enough for visualization of tattoo pigment in the dermis. RESULTS: In optical coherence tomography images tattoo pigments clusters appear as dark, homogenous vertical columns and structures in the papillary dermis. OCT-scanned normal skin (without tattoos) appeared to be free of this dark structure. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that OCT can be used to visualize clusters of light absorbing pigments in a predictable manner.     

子宫颈癌226例临床病理分析

目的：探讨宫颈癌的临床、病理特点、诊治方法及预后因素。方法：收集1996年1月至2001年1月226例宫颈癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果：平均患病年龄为48．18岁。130例患者为阴道流血，70例为阴道流液，25例下腹疼痛，l例精神减退、贫血、浮肿。病理分期：Ⅰ期病例数为169例(75％)；Ⅱ期病例数为3l例(13．72％)；Ⅲ期病例数为23例(10．18％)；Ⅳ期病例数为3例(1．1％)。比较2l例宫颈鳞癌与宫颈腺癌的转移，显示后者的腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移、肾上腺转移、子宫转移、胸水形成明显高于前者。结论：重视宫颈癌发病相关因素及临床症状，争取早期诊断，严格手术病理分期，选择适当治疗方案。     

Transforming growth factor-beta(1) in the kidney and urine of patients with glomerular disease and proteinuria.

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) is the major fibrogenic growth factor implicated in the pathogenesis of renal scarring. Proteinuria is a poor prognostic feature for various types of glomerular disease and its toxic action may be related to the activation of tubular epithelial cells towards increased production of cytokines and chemoattractant peptides. In this work we studied the site of synthesis and expression profile of TGF-beta(1) in the renal tissue of patients with heavy proteinuria and examined the relation of this expression with the urinary excretion of TGF-beta(1). METHODS: Twenty-five patients with heavy proteinuria (8.4+/-3.0 g/24 h) were included in the study. All patients underwent a diagnostic kidney biopsy and were commenced on immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and cyclosporin. The sites of synthesis and expression profile of TGF-beta(1) mRNA and protein in the kidney were examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Urinary and plasma TGF-beta(1) levels were determined by ELISA before the initiation of treatment and 6 months later and compared with those of normal subjects and of patients with IgA nephropathy and normal urinary protein excretion. RESULTS: The site of synthesis and expression of TGF-beta(1) in the renal tissue of patients with heavy proteinuria was mainly localized within the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells. Interstitial expression was also present but glomerular TGF-beta(1) expression was found only in patients with mesangial proliferation. Urinary TGF-beta(1) excretion was significantly higher in nephrotic patients compared with normal subjects and with patients with IgA nephropathy and normal urinary protein excretion (783+/-280 vs 310+/-140 and 375+/-90 ng/24 h, respectively; P<0.01). In patients with remission of proteinuria after immunosuppressive therapy, urinary TGF-beta(1) excretion was significantly reduced (from 749+/-290 to 495+/-130 ng/24 h; P<0.01), while in patients with persistent nephrotic syndrome, it remained elevated. CONCLUSIONS: The localization of TGF-beta(1) mRNA and protein within tubular epithelial cells, along with its increased urinary excretion in patients with nephrotic syndrome, suggest the activation of these cells by filtered protein towards increased TGF-beta(1) production.     

Sonographic changes following splenectomy for portal hypertension in Schistosoma mansoni.

Eleven patients with portal hypertension due to infection with Schistosoma mansoni underwent splenectomy and devascularization operations. The patients were examined with ultrasound once preoperatively and twice postoperatively over a period of about 6 months. Following surgery there was significant and sequential reduction in the diameter of the portal vein at the hilum and the splenic vein at the pancreas. The liver lengths and index of liver size did not change significantly. No changes in the degree of periportal fibrosis could be detected.     

Brain abscess in Saudi Arabia

There are significant variations among countries in the incidence of brain abscess. We report here 26 cases of brain abscess treated at the Neurosurgery Department of King Faisal University and Dammam Central Hospital Saudi Arabia over a six year period (1982–1988). This is 2.3% of total admissions to the two neurosurgery departments serving a population of approximately 1.2 million in the same period.Young males were most often affected (M/F ratio 3.3:1; 31% were less than 15 years old, 46% aged between 15–39 years, and 23% older than 40 years). Streptococcus was found to be the most common microorganism (38.4%). Mixed infection was seen in 15.3%, and sterile abscesses were found in 11.5% of the patients after aerobic and anaerobic cultures of the pus. Chronic otitis media and paranasal sinusitis predisposed the patients to abscess formation in 57.6% of the cases. The temporo-parietal area was the commonest site. Epilepsy was a complication in 30.7% of our patients, and the mortality rate was 15.3%.