全文获取类型
收费全文 | 292篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 9篇 |
妇产科学 | 7篇 |
基础医学 | 22篇 |
口腔科学 | 9篇 |
临床医学 | 64篇 |
内科学 | 64篇 |
皮肤病学 | 16篇 |
神经病学 | 14篇 |
特种医学 | 6篇 |
外科学 | 44篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 12篇 |
眼科学 | 7篇 |
药学 | 23篇 |
出版年
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 6篇 |
2012年 | 1篇 |
2011年 | 1篇 |
2010年 | 6篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2007年 | 7篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 10篇 |
1958年 | 25篇 |
1957年 | 44篇 |
1956年 | 26篇 |
1955年 | 36篇 |
1954年 | 39篇 |
1952年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
1949年 | 3篇 |
1948年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有301条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
HOFFMANN NORMAN G.; HARRISON PATRICIA ANN; NINONUEVO FRED 《Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)》1988,23(6):451-453
Medical patients (N = 108) were administered a brief screeninginstrument (LAMSI) and a structured diagnostic interview (SUDDS).Twenty-five patients met DSM-III criteria for an alcohol usedisorder, 20 current, five in remission. The four-item scaleembedded in the screen identified the alcoholics with 88% sensitivityand 96% specificity. 相似文献
3.
INFLUENCE OF DEXTRAN ON THE ABSORPTION OF ADRENALINE-CONTAINING LIGNOCAINE SOLUTIONS: A PROTECTIVE MECHANISM IN LOCAL ANAESTHESIA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ADAMS H.-A.; BISCOPING J.; KAFURKE H.; MULLER H.; HOFFMANN B.; BOERNER U.; HEMPELMANN G. 《British journal of anaesthesia》1988,60(6):645-650
The effect of adding 6% dextran to a lignocaine solution containingadrenaline was studied in 27 neurosurgicalpatients during modifiedneurolept-anaesthesia. Before trepanation they received infiltrationanaesthesia of the scalp at the site of the proposed operation.For a period of 1 h following injection plasma concentrationsof adrenaline were measured by high pressure liquid chromatographyand serum concentrations of lignocaine by gas chromatography.The addition of dextran caused a significant reduction in theabsorption of both adrenaline and lignocaine from the injectionsite. It is concluded that the dextran adjuvant constitutesa protective mechanism against toxic systemic side effects inlocal anaesthesia using adrenaline-containing anaesthetic solutions.This effect is particularly significant in patients with pre-existingcardiovascular disease and when local anaesthetic solutionsare used in combination with volatile anaesthetics. 相似文献
4.
5.
Characterization of a soluble form of CD58 in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Clinical and experimental immunology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Reduced levels of a soluble form of the adhesion receptor and CD2 ligand CD58 (sCD58) were previously described in RA patients. In order to understand the biological significance of this finding we biochemically characterized sCD58 in RA and asked how well sCD58 binds to CD2. sCD58 concentrations were measured in serum and synovial fluid (SF) samples of RA patients by two ELISAs, one detecting domain 1 of CD58 (CD58-D1), and the other one the complete molecule (CD58-D1 + D2). Small amounts of split sCD58-D1 were found in most RA sera, but not SF. In addition, split sCD58-D2 was detected in SF by affinity chromatography, SDS–PAGE, and Western blotting. Gel filtration gave similar peaks at 95–125 kD for RA sera, SF, and normal serum. Binding of SF-sCD58 to the CD2+ Jurkat variant JBB1 or recombinant CD2 was stronger than urinary sCD58 and reached binding of oligomeric recombinant CD58 at low concentrations. In conclusion, sCD58-split products were found in RA sera and SF. At concentrations as they occur in vivo, SF-sCD58 binds to CD2 much more strongly than urinary sCD58. It is conceivable that locally released sCD58 blocks the CD2/CD58 interaction under physiological conditions. Insufficient release of sCD58, e.g. in synovitis, might result in T cell accumulation and perpetuation of inflammation. 相似文献
6.
Anti-CD2 (OX34) MoAb treatment of adjuvant arthritic rats: attenuation of established arthritis, selective depletion of CD4+ T cells, and CD2 down-modulation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Clinical and experimental immunology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
J C HOFFMANN C HERKLOTZ H ZEIDLER B BAYER J WESTERMANN 《Clinical and experimental immunology》1997,110(1):63-71
Anti-CD2 MoAbs have previously been shown to induce tolerance and to block B cell differentiation, T cell and monocyte activation. Since these immune functions are important in joint inflammation, we asked whether administration of the anti-CD2 MoAb OX34 has a beneficial effect on established rat adjuvant arthritis, a model of human rheumatoid arthritis, and how it affects CD2-bearing leucocyte subsets. Female Lewis rats with established adjuvant arthritis received a total of 5 mg OX34 or isotype-matched control MoAb starting on day 15 after adjuvant injection. Weight and arthritis score (AS) were measured in a blinded fashion. Peripheral blood cells were analysed for numbers of leucocyte subsets at various time points. Animals were killed on day 30 and lymphatic organs were processed for immunohistology. Clinically, OX34 treatment led to increased body weight and reduced AS. Although OX34 binds to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in a comparable fashion, OX34 treatment reduced CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells. Among CD4+ T cells CD45RC+ (‘naive’) T cells virtually disappeared; CD45RC− (‘recently activated’) T cells were slightly reduced. A reduction of CD4+ T cells was also found in the lung, liver, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes. Down-modulation of the CD2 molecule by OX34, again, affected CD4+ T cells, suggesting a specific signal for CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, the anti-CD2 MoAb OX34 attenuates established rat adjuvant arthritis. In spite of similar binding to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, OX34 depletes only CD4+ T cells and down-modulates the CD2 molecule on these cells. These results suggest a therapeutic benefit from CD2-directed therapy for chronic types of arthritis. 相似文献
7.
P. HOFFMANN J. O. SKARPHEDINSSON M. DELLE P. THORN 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》1990,138(2):125-131
In a previous study, prolonged low-frequency muscle stimulation in the hind leg of the fully conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) was shown to induce a long-lasting reduction of blood pressure. It was also shown that opioid and serotonergic (5-HT) systems were involved. More recently, we have shown that the 5-HT1 receptors are involved in the post-stimulatory decrease in blood pressure. In the present study, the influence of this type of muscle stimulation on the pain threshold was investigated. Pain perception was measured as the squeak threshold to noxious electric pulses. After cessation of the stimulation, an analgesic response was elicited within 60 min and peak analgesia developed after 120 min, being 139 ±10% (P < 0.01) of the prestimulatory control value. The increased pain threshold lasted for another 2 h. One group of SHR was pretreated with PCPA, a serotonin synthesis blocker, which completely abolished the post-stimulatory analgesia. To analyse further the involvement of different serotonin systems, drugs with selective affinity for 5-HT receptors were used. In one group a prestimulatory dose of metitepine maleate (a 5-HT1&2 receptor antagonist) abolished the post-stimulatory elevation of the pain threshold. The prolonged analgesic response was still present after prestimulatory treatment with ritanserin or ICS 205–930 (5-HT2 and 5-HT3 blocking agents respectively). In another group of experiments, the serotonin receptor antagonists were administered post-stimulation to animals with fully elicited analgesia. None of the antagonists used could reverse the elevation of pain threshold towards prestimulatory levels. Thus, intact 5-HT systems were necessary to elicit the analgesia to muscle stimulation and the response was mediated by the 5-HT1 receptor. However, the results indicate that serotonin is not required to maintain the analgesia once it has been elicited. 相似文献
8.
HOFFMANN P 《Swiss medical weekly》1952,82(39):979-981
9.
10.
WOLFRAM GRIMM JÜRGEN HOFFMANN ULRICH KÖHLER JÖRG HEITMANN JÖRG H. PETER PETER VON WICHERT BERNHARD MAISCH 《Journal of sleep research》1995,4(S1):160-165
SUMMARY Twelve patients (aged 48 ± 12 y) with ventricular asystole of >3s due to complete atrioventricular (AV) block ( n = 8), sinoatrial (SA) block or sinus node arrest ( n = 3) or both ( n = 1) associated with obstructive sleep apnoea underwent invasive electrophysiological evaluation of sinus node function and AV conduction properties before and after administration of atropine (0.02 mg kg-1 ). Ventricular asystole lasted for 5.9 ± 2.8 s (range 3.1–13 s). Sinus node function was assessed by measurement of sinus node recovery time, sinoatrial conduction time, and the response of sinus rate to atropine. Parameters of AV-conduction assessment included AH- and HV-intervals, AV- and VA-Wenckebach periods, and effective refractory period of the AV node before and after atropine. Sinus node function was normal in 11 of the 12 study patients and moderately abnormal in 1 patient. AV-nodal function was normal in 8 patients and moderately abnormal in 4 patients. A slightly prolonged HV-interval (59–63 ms) was present in 6 patients. Intra- or infra His block was not observed in any patient. In conclusion, normal or only moderately abnormal electrophysiological findings in patients with sleep apnoea-associated ventricular asystole suggest that a neurally mediated cardioinhibitory reflex may cause ventricular asystole in these patients. This sleep apnoea-triggered 'vasovagal' reflex may unmask pre-existing mild to moderate structural abnormalities of the AV conduction system. 相似文献