Computer-assisted LISS plate osteosynthesis of proximal tibia fractures: feasibility study and first clinical results.

Fluoroscopy is the most common tool for the intraoperative control of long-bone fracture reduction. Limitations of this technology include high radiation exposure for the patient and the surgical team, limited visual field, distorted images, and cumbersome verification of image updating. Fluoroscopy-based navigation systems partially address these limitations by allowing fluoroscopic images to be used for real-time surgical localization and instrument tracking. Existing fluoroscopy-based navigation systems are still limited as far as the virtual representation of true surgical reality is concerned. This article, for the first time, presents a reality-enhanced virtual fluoroscopy with radiation-free updates of in situ surgical fluoroscopic images to control metaphyseal fracture reduction. A virtual fluoroscopy is created using the projection properties of the fluoroscope; it allows the display of detailed three-dimensional (3D) geometric models of surgical tools and implants superimposed on the X-ray images. Starting from multiple registered fluoroscopy images, a virtual 3D cylinder model for each principal bone fragment is constructed. This spatial cylinder model not only supplies a 3D image of the fracture, but also allows effective fragment projection recovery from the fluoroscopic images and enables radiation-free updates of in situ surgical fluoroscopic images by non-linear interpolation and warping algorithms. Initial clinical experience was gained during four tibia fracture fixations that were treated by LISS (Less Invasive Stabilization System) osteosynthesis. In the cases operated on, after primary image acquisition, the image intensifier was replaced by the virtual reality system. In all cases, the procedure including fracture reduction and LISS osteosynthesis was performed entirely in virtual reality. A significant disadvantage was the unfamiliar operation of this prototype software and the need for an additional operator for the navigation system.     

保持形状特征的自适应轮廓点采样算法

在三角形贴面表面重建中，选择轮廓线上哪些点作为重建点，一方面决定重建的质量，另一方面决定重建的速度。本文提出了一种保持形状特征的变分辨率轮廓点采样算法。首先，建立了本算法的数学模型，我们认为离弧对应的弦距离最大的点可作为一个形状特征点。其次，利用二叉树数据结构递归实现了该算法。本算法具有保持轮廓形状特征、根据形状复杂度自适应决定采样频率、编程简单等优点。     

胃癌组织中Survivin、PTEN表达及其相关性

目的:检测胃癌组织中Survivin、PTEN蛋白的表达,探讨两者在胃癌中的意义及关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测20例正常胃粘膜及80例胃癌组织中Survivin,PTEN蛋白的表达.结果:20例正常胃粘膜Survivin均不表达,胃癌组织中Survivin阳性率为65%(52/80),二者有显著性差别(P＜0.01);Survivin表达与组织分化程度和TNM分期密切相关(P＜0.01);胃癌组织PTEN蛋白阳性率显著低于正常胃粘膜(P＜0.01),PTEN表达水平与组织分化程度、TNM分期及淋巴结转移密切相关(P＜0.05);Survivin和PTEN二者表达强度之间呈显著负相关(P＜0.01).结论:Survivin在胃癌中高表达,PTEN在胃癌中表达下调,PTEN可下调Survivin的表达,两者可能是临床评价胃癌恶性程度的重要指标.     

产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的分布及耐药分析

目的：探究产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的分布和耐药性。方法对2013年6月—2014年6月该院住院患者送检的标本进行培养,采用VITEK细菌鉴定与药敏分析系统行菌种鉴定和药敏分析,对产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的临床分布和耐药性进行分析。结果产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌主要从尿液45.94%、痰液85.29%中检出;产ESBLs菌对碳青霉烯类、阿米卡星等药物敏感性较高耐药率1.47%~22.19%。结论产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌主要引起泌尿道和下呼吸道感染,并对大部分常用抗菌药物耐药。     

头颅CT检查在新兵体格复检中的价值

 目的 分析探讨头颅CT检查在新兵体格复检中的价值和必要性。方法 回顾性分析武警某部2482名体格复查新兵的头颅CT结果。结果 检出颅内病变共224例(阳性率9.03%)。其中颅内蛛网膜囊肿110例(阳性率4.43%),透明隔间腔或囊肿63例(阳性率2.54%),副鼻窦炎21例(阳性率0.85%),脑内非生理性钙化19例(阳性率0.77%),脑室系统发育异常5例(阳性率0.20%),脑软化灶3例(阳性率0.12%),颅内肿瘤2例(阳性率0.08%),颅骨骨瘤1例(阳性率0.04%)。结论 头颅CT检查能有效排查出新兵头颅内病灶,为降低伤病残率奠定基础,建议列为新兵体格复查项目。     

Pelvic Tilt Is Minimally Changed by Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

While surgical navigation offers the opportunity to accurately place an acetabular component, questions remain as to the best goal for acetabular component positioning in individual patients. Overall functional orientation of the pelvis after surgery is one of the most important variables for the surgeon to consider when determining the proper goal for acetabular component orientation.

Questions/Purposes

We measured the variation in pelvic tilt in 30 patients before THA and the effect of THA on pelvic tilt in the same patients more than a year after THA.

Methods

Each patient had a CT study for CT-based surgical navigation and standing and supine radiographs before and after surgery. Pelvic tilt was calculated for each of the radiographs using a novel and validated two-dimensional/three-dimensional matching technique.

Results

Mean supine pelvic tilt changed less than 2°, from 4.4° ± 6.4° (range, ?7.7° to 20.8°) before THA to 6.3° ± 6.6° (range, ?5.7° to 19.6°) after THA. Mean standing pelvic tilt changed less than 1°, from 1.5° ± 7.2° (range, ?13.1° to 12.8°) before THA to 2.0° ± 8.3° (range, ?12.3° to 16.8°) after THA. Preoperative pelvic tilt correlated with postoperative tilt in both the supine (r² = 0.75) and standing (r² = 0.87) positions.

Conclusions

In this population, pelvic tilt had a small and predictable change after surgery. However, intersubject variability of pelvic tilt was high, suggesting preoperative pelvic tilt should be considered when determining desired acetabular component positioning on a patient-specific basis.     

运用精细肝脏外科理念治疗肝血管瘤

目的：探讨运用精细肝脏外科理念治疗肝血管瘤的价值。 方法：回顾性分析行肝切除的52例肝血管瘤患者的临床资料,其中采用精细肝切除术23例,传统肝切除术29例。 结果：52例患者均手术成功,术后顺利康复,术中及围手术期无严重并发症,无死亡发生。精细肝切除组与传统肝切除组比较,前者手术时间延长[（128.0±25.7）min vs.（100.9±20.4）min]（P<0.05）,术中出血、输血例数比例差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,术后住院时间明显缩短[（7.0±1.5）d vs.（8.6±1.5）d]（P<0.05）,术后丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）峰值[（277.5± 189.3）U/L vs.（960.0 ±635.0）U/L],门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）峰值[（254.2 ±191.4）U/L vs. （838.5±677.1）U/L]以及术后并发症发生率均明显降低（8.7% vs. 31.0%）（均P<0.05）。 结论：运用精细肝脏外科理念治疗肝血管瘤安全有效,较传统肝切除术具有明显优势。     

化疗病人恶心呕吐的护理

从恶心呕吐的定义、恶心呕吐对机体的影响、引起恶心呕吐的相关因素等方面综述了化疗病人的护理,目的在于提高化疗病人的生活质量。     

联合吸入噻托溴铵与沙美特罗替卡松治疗老年重度稳定慢性阻塞性肺疾病25例

目的观察联合吸入噻托溴铵与沙美特罗替卡松对老年重度稳定慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的疗效。方法将50例老年重度稳定COPD患者分为两组,对照组采用噻托溴铵进行治疗,治疗组采用噻托溴铵联合沙美特罗替卡进行治疗,比较两组患者的肺功能改善情况和圣乔治呼吸间歇问题调查问卷(SGRQ)评分。结果治疗组的肺功能改善情况和SGRQ评分均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论老年重度稳定COPD采用噻托溴铵联合沙美特罗替卡松治疗可改善患者的临床症状,且安全有效。     

Changes of quantitative CT-based airway wall dimensions in patients with COVID-19 during early recovery

BackgroundAs the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic evolves, the need for recognizing the structural pulmonary changes of the disease during early convalescence has emerged. Most studies focus on parenchymal destruction of the disease; but little is known about whether the disease affects the airway. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in airway dimensions and explore the associated factors during early convalescence in patients with COVID-19.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed quantitative computed tomography (CT)-based airway measures of 69 patients with COVID-19 from 5 February to 17 March 2020, and 32 non-COVID-19 participants from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019 from Guangzhou, China. The well-established measures of wall area fraction and the square root of the wall area of a hypothetical bronchus with an inner perimeter of 10 mm, were used to describe airway wall dimensions. We described the characteristics of the dimensions and inner area of airways in 66 patients with COVID-19 at the initial and convalescent stages of the disease, and compared them with the non-COVID-19 group. Linear regression models were constructed to investigate the association of airway dimensions with duration of hospitalization or disease severity after recovery. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate whether inflammatory markers were related to airway dimensions.ResultsAmong 66 patients with COVID-19, airway dimensions were greater during disease initiation than early convalescence, which was significantly greater than in non-COVID-19 participants. No significant difference was found between the patients with COVID-19 at the initial stage and the non-COVID-19 controls regarding the first to eighth generations of the inner area. In adjusted regression models, duration of hospitalization was negatively associated with wall area fraction of the first to the sixth generation of airways. No significant associations exist between airway dimensions and disease severity, or airway dimensions with inflammatory markers.ConclusionsAirway dimensions in patients with COVID-19 during disease initiation are greater than those in non-COVID-19 participants. Such structural airway changes continue to remain significantly greater during early convalescence. No evidence shows that disease severity or inflammatory markers are associated with airway dimensions, implying that the primary lesion attacked by COVID-19 might not be the airways.