全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1410篇 |
免费 | 111篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 7篇 |
儿科学 | 51篇 |
妇产科学 | 38篇 |
基础医学 | 198篇 |
口腔科学 | 33篇 |
临床医学 | 132篇 |
内科学 | 415篇 |
皮肤病学 | 20篇 |
神经病学 | 121篇 |
特种医学 | 18篇 |
外科学 | 131篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 77篇 |
眼科学 | 19篇 |
药学 | 102篇 |
中国医学 | 4篇 |
肿瘤学 | 166篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 30篇 |
2021年 | 48篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 29篇 |
2018年 | 40篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 48篇 |
2015年 | 41篇 |
2014年 | 61篇 |
2013年 | 95篇 |
2012年 | 117篇 |
2011年 | 110篇 |
2010年 | 53篇 |
2009年 | 71篇 |
2008年 | 94篇 |
2007年 | 92篇 |
2006年 | 85篇 |
2005年 | 75篇 |
2004年 | 105篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 81篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1535条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Salvatore Serra Giuliana Brunetti Giovanni Vacca Carla Lobina Mauro A M Carai Gian Luigi Gessa Giancarlo Colombo 《Alcohol》2003,29(2):101-108
Results of a recent study have demonstrated that exposure to multiple ethanol concentrations and repeated ethanol deprivation periods in Indiana ethanol-preferring (P) rats resulted in the development of an alcohol deprivation effect (ADE; the temporary increase in voluntary ethanol intake after a period of deprivation from ethanol) characterized by consumption of intoxicating amounts of ethanol. The current study was designed to possibly extend these results to Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) rats, generated with the same selective program previously used for P rats. To this aim, ethanol-naive sP rats were exposed initially to the home cage four-bottle choice [10%, 20%, and 30% (vol./vol.) ethanol solutions and water] for eight consecutive weeks. Subsequently, rats were divided into two groups: The first group had continuous access to the four-bottle regimen (nondeprived rats), and the second group was exposed to five cycles of 14-day periods of deprivation from ethanol and 14-day periods of reexposure to the four-bottle regimen. An ADE developed after each deprivation period. However, the extra intake of ethanol was limited to the first hour of each reaccess period. Magnitude of ADE did not change with repeated periods of deprivation. However, a shift in preference toward the two highest concentrations of ethanol solutions was evident from the first reexposure to ethanol and was maintained throughout the study. These results provide further evidence on the heterogeneity of ethanol-drinking behavior among rat lines selectively bred for high ethanol preference and consumption. 相似文献
2.
Giuliana Properzi Sandro Franca Villa Gianfranco Poccia Paolo Aloisi Xu-Hong Gu Giorgio Terenghi Julia M. Polak 《The Journal of pathology》1993,169(2):269-277
Diabetic neuropathy affects both sensory and autonomic peripheral nerve fibres. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is present in autonomic fibres which modulate sweat secretion, while calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is localized to cutaneous sensory fibres. In this study, immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to assess changes of VIP and CGRP, and of the pan-neuronal marker protein gene-product (PGP)-9.5, in skin biopsies of 18 patients affected by type 1 diabetes (age range 18–46 years) and from seven aged-matched controls. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (n=6), with diabetes for 6 months to 3 years; group 2 (n=5), with the disease for 5–10 years; and group 3 (n=7), with diabetes for more than 10 years. VIP immunoreactivity (IR) and PGP-9.5-IR were significantly reduced around sweat glands (P <0.005) in groups 2 and 3. Epidermal CGRP-IR and PGP-9.5-IR were significantly reduced in group 3 (P <0.05). Twenty-eight per cent (5/18) of all patients showed high VIP-IR around sweat glands (>95 per cent confidence limits of controls) and all of these patients had diabetes for less than 3 years. Conversely, 55 per cent (10/18) of patients had low VIP-IR (<5 per cent confidence limit of controls). The latter, compared with the former, showed a significantly longer duration of diabetes (Fisher exact test P=0·002), presence of clinical autonomic neuropathy (Fisher exact test P=0.04), and a reduced sural nerve conduction velocity (Fisher exact test P=0.04). These results suggest that quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of peptide-containing cutaneous nerves allows an objective evaluation of nerve fibre alterations at early stages of diabetes than is currently possible with neurophysiological functional tests. 相似文献
3.
Wollmer MA Papassotiropoulos A Streffer JR Grimaldi LM Kapaki E Salani G Paraskevas GP Maddalena A de Quervain D Bieber C Umbricht D Lemke U Bosshardt S Degonda N Henke K Hegi T Jung HH Pasch T Hock C Nitsch RM 《Psychiatric genetics》2002,12(3):155-160
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) inhibits several proteinases including a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), a major alpha-secretase that cleaves the beta-amyloid precursor protein within its amyloidogenic Abeta domain. The gene encoding TIMP-1 (TIMP 1) maps to the short arm of the X chromosome, in a region previously suggested as conferring genetic susceptibility for Alzheimer's disease (AD). To determine whether genetic variability of TIMP 1 contributes to the pathogenesis of AD, we analysed one single nucleotide polymorphism within TIMP 1 and one single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5'-untranslated region of TIMP 1 in patients with AD and control subjects from two independent and ethnically different populations. We did not observe any association between TIMP 1 genotypes and the diagnosis of AD in men or women. We also measured TIMP-1 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AD, healthy control subjects, and patients with other neurological disorders. TIMP-1 levels were similar in all groups. In addition, no significant differences were observed after stratification for TIMP 1 genotypes. Our data show that neither genetic variability nor protein levels of TIMP-1 are associated with AD. 相似文献
4.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells are endowed with the capacity to attract CD4+, CD40L+ T cells by producing CCL22 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
5.
Monica Rossi Enzo Ricci Luca Colantoni Giuliana Galluzzi Roberto Frusciante Pietro A Tonali Luciano Felicetti 《BMC medical genetics》2007,8(1):8
Background
The homologous 4q and 10q subtelomeric regions include two distinctive polymorphic arrays of 3.3 kb repeats, named D4Z4. An additional BlnI restriction site on the 10q-type sequence allows to distinguish the chromosomal origin of the repeats. Reduction in the number of D4Z4 repeats below a threshold of 10 at the 4q locus is tightly linked to Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD), while similar contractions at 10q locus, are not pathogenic. Sequence variations due to the presence of BlnI-sensitive repeats (10q-type) on chromosome 4 or viceversa of BlnI-resistant repeats (4q-type) on chromosome 10 are observed in both alleles. 相似文献6.
Bruno Dallapiccola Giuliana Alimena Viviana Brinchi Giancarlo Isacchi Enrico Gandini 《Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics》1980,2(4):349-360
Chromosome investigations were carried out in 7 patients with Fanconi's anemia, type Estren-Dameshek. The frequency and types of chromosome instability found in cultured lymphocytes were in accord with those detected in individuals with classical Fanconi's anemia. The break-point distribution indicates a significant excess of breaks in chromosomes No. 1, 2, and 7 and a deficit in No. 18 and X and Y chromosomes. There was a clear clustering of breaks at certain locations in chromosomes No. 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, and 14. The location of the breaks with respect to the bands demonstrated an almost exclusive involvement of the lighter bands, regardless of the banding method used. These results suggest that most breaks take place in the interbands between the G and R bands. In all patients, chromosome instability was less frequent in direct bone marrow preparations than in lymphocyte cultures. However, cultured bone marrow cells showed a significant increase of chromosome aberrations. On the whole, the chromosome data derived from this series of patients are in agreement with those obtained in individuals with classical Fanconi's anemia and give no support to the idea of cytogenetic heterogeneity between subjects affected by these two forms of childhood aplastic anemia. 相似文献
7.
Luca Vismara Andrea Gianmaria Tarantino Andrea Bergna Giuliana Bianchi Cristina Bragalini Elisa Bill Fulvio Dal Farra Francesca Buffone Massimo Agosti 《Medicine》2022,101(38)
Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is evolving in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting. Studies showed its efficacy in length of stay and hospitalization costs reduction. Moreover, it was suggested that OMT has a modulatory effect on the preterm infants’ autonomic nervous system (ANS), influencing saturation and heart rate. Even if OMT is based on the palpatory examination of the somatic dysfunctions (SD), there are controversies about its identification and clinical relevance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inter-rater reliability, clinical characteristics, and functional correlation of the SD Grade score with the heart rate variability (HRV) and the salivary cortisol (sCor) using a multivariate linear model approach. To evaluate those features, we implemented an ad hoc SD examination for preterm infants that was performed by 2 trained osteopaths. It was based on the new variability model of SD that includes an SD Grade assessment procedure. The ANS features were assessed by frequency parameters of HRV studying high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), and HF/LF, whereas sCor was tested with a radioimmunoassay. The ANS assessment was standardized and performed before SD testing. Sixty-nine premature infants were eligible. SD Grade showed excellent concordance between the blinded raters. Using SD Grade as a grouping variable, the infants presented differences in GA, Apgar, pathological findings, length of stay, and ventilatory assistance. In our multivariate model, HF, LF, and LF/HF resulted linearly correlated with SD Grade. Instead, sCor presented a linear correlation with 5’ Apgar and respiratory distress syndrome but not with SD Grade. SD Grade was in line with the natural history of the underdevelopment due to prematurity. Our models indicate that the cardiac vagal tone is linearly related with SD Grade. This finding may improve the multidisciplinary decision making inside NICU and the management of modifiable factors, like SD, for cardiac vagal tone regulation. 相似文献
8.
9.
Chutimon Khemtong Antonio Tessitore Salvador J. Jaime Giuliana Gobbi Jrgen Jensen Ai-Lun Yang Chia-Hua Kuo Giancarlo Condello 《Nutrients》2022,14(20)
BCAAs supplementation has been widely used for post-exercise recovery. However, no evidence is currently available to answer the question of whether BCAAs supplementation can attenuate muscle damage and ameliorate recovery after a bout of change of direction (COD) sprinting, which is an exercise motion frequently used during team sport actions. This study aimed to assess the effect of BCAAs supplementation on muscle damage markers, subjective muscle soreness, neuromuscular performance, and the vascular health of collegiate basketball players during a 72 h recovery period after a standardized COD protocol. Participants orally received either BCAAs (0.17 g/kg BCAAs + 0.17 g/kg glucose) or placebo (0.34 g/kg glucose) supplementation before and immediately after a COD exercise protocol in a randomized, crossover, double-blind, and placebo-controlled manner. Creatine kinase increased immediately after exercise and peaked at 24 h, muscle soreness remained elevated until 72 h, whilst arterial stiffness decreased after exercise for both supplemented conditions. A negligibly lower level of interleukin-6 was found in the BCAAs supplemented condition. In conclusion, the results of this study do not support the benefits of BCAAs supplementation on mitigating muscle damage and soreness, neuromuscular performance, and arterial stiffness after COD for basketball players. 相似文献
10.