Protective effects of resveratrol on small intestines against intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats

Background and Aim:  The aim of this study was to determine whether resveratrol could prevent intestinal tissue injury induced by ischemia–reperfusion (I/R).
Methods:  Intestinal I/R was induced in rats' intestines by 60-min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, followed by a 60-min reperfusion. Thirty rats were divided into three groups as follows: sham (group 1), control (group 2), and the treatment groups (group 3). The rats in the treatment group received resveratrol both before ischemia and before reperfusion. In all groups, serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels were determined. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the intestinal tissue were measured. Intestinal tissue histopathology was also evaluated by light microscopy.
Results:  The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 ( P  < 0.05). TAC in the intestinal tissue was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2 ( P  < 0.05). TOS, OSI, and MPO in the intestinal tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than in group 2 ( P  < 0.05 for all). Histological tissue damage was milder in the resveratrol treatment group than in the control group.
Conclusions:  The results of this study indicated that resveratrol treatment limits the oxidative injury of the small intestine induced by I/R in rats. However, more precise investigations are required to evaluate the antioxidative effect of resveratrol on small intestine tissue damage in clinical and experimental models.     

Tuberculosis despite latent infection screening and treatment in patients receiving TNF inhibitor therapy

Clinical Rheumatology - Although latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is given before anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment, tuberculosis (TB) still develops in these patients and...     

Acromegaly is associated with a distinct oral and gut microbiota

Pituitary - Our aim was to investigate the changes in the composition of oral and gut microbiota in patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly and their relationship with IGF-1 levels. Oral and fecal...     

Prostatic adenocarcinoma metastasis in the thyroid gland

Metastasis from prostate to thyroid gland is very uncommon. Here we report a 77-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital because of a nodular goiter. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the nodule showed metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. This is the second case of a metastatic prostate carcinoma to the thyroid gland.     

Endocrine disrupting chemicals: exposure,effects on human health,mechanism of action,models for testing and strategies for prevention

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are a global problem for environmental and human health. They are defined as “an exogenous chemical, or...     

Choroidal and macular thickness changes in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy

Objectives: To explore choroidal thickness (ChT) and retinal thickness (RT) changes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: Sixty patients with Type 1 DM and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this prospective case–control clinical study. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. ChT of each participant was measured at the fovea and horizontal nasal and temporal quadrants at 500-µm intervals to 1500 µm from the foveola using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Age, gender, disease duration, serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose level, axial length (AL) and refractive error were noted and analyzed.

Results: Mean disease duration, mean HbA1c and mean fasting blood glucose in diabetic patients were 6.1±2.8 years, (8.9±0.9)% and 287.5±69.1 mg/dl, respectively. Age, gender, AL, spherical equivalent differences between the patients and subjects were insignificant (p>0.05). Subfoveal ChT, nasal quadrant ChT measurements, temporal 1500 µm and mean nasal ChT were significantly lower in diabetic patients (p<0.05 for all). Temporal 500 µm and 1000 µm ChT measurements, mean temporal ChT, average ChT, central macular thickness and average macular thickness did not differ significantly between the groups (p>0.05 for all).

Conclusion: This study showed that there is choroidal thinning in young Type 1 diabetic patients with early period of disease duration without diabetic retinopathy nor any other systemic diseases. Choroidal changes in type 1 DM seem to begin at nasal and distal temporal retina. These results need to be verified by larger and longitudinal studies.     

Surgical treatment of giant liver hydatid cysts: comparison of cystojejunostomy and partial cystectomy

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare partial cystectomy and internal drainage of the cyst cavity with cystojejunostomy for the surgical treatment of giant hepatic hydatid cysts.

Methods

Patients who underwent any type of surgical treatment between March 2009 and May 2013 for giant hepatic hydatid cysts were retrospectively evaluated. The data collected included demographic variables, diagnostic methods, surgical procedures, morbidity and mortality rates.

Results

Twenty-eight patients who underwent surgery for giant hepatic hydatid cysts were included. There were 16 (57 %) female patients, with a mean age of 32.8 years. The diagnostic methods primarily included abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography, which were performed in 62 % of the patients. The patients were divided into two groups with respect to the treatment modality: Group A (n = 13) treated with cystojejunostomy and Group B (n = 15) treated with partial cystectomy. The overall rate of cavity-related complications was 25 % in Group B, whereas none of the patients in Group A had a cavity-related complication during the follow-up period (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Cystojejunostomy is an effective and safe surgical approach for the treatment of giant hepatic hydatid cysts, with a lower rate of morbidity than partial cystectomy, and thus may be the surgical treatment of choice for giant hepatic hydatid cysts.     

Chronic Trauma in Sports as a Cause of Hypopituitarism

TBI is one of the most important public health problems in the world. Although the relationship between TBI and hypopituitarism has been known for a long time, neuroendocrine changes were investigated in detail recently. The prevalence of neuroendocrine abnormalities in patients with TBI is very high. Gonadotropin and GH deficiencies appear to be the most common defects. Although combative sports are very popular around the world, trauma due to sports is not generally considered as a cause of TBI in most of the epidemiological studies. All the studies regarding TBI in sports published so far in the literature based on neuropshycological or radiological assessment and no neuroendocrine changes were investigated. In a recent study, pituitary functions in amateur boxers have been investigated and it has been reported that boxing is a cause of TBI and isolated GH deficiency is very common among amateur boxers. It seems that acute or chronic head trauma in sports is a possible cause of hypopituitarism. In this review, current data regarding TBI in sports are discussed.