全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2030篇 |
免费 | 115篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 12篇 |
儿科学 | 30篇 |
妇产科学 | 32篇 |
基础医学 | 368篇 |
口腔科学 | 53篇 |
临床医学 | 145篇 |
内科学 | 419篇 |
皮肤病学 | 93篇 |
神经病学 | 157篇 |
特种医学 | 32篇 |
外科学 | 158篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 87篇 |
眼科学 | 63篇 |
药学 | 162篇 |
中国医学 | 14篇 |
肿瘤学 | 311篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 23篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 86篇 |
2020年 | 43篇 |
2019年 | 45篇 |
2018年 | 56篇 |
2017年 | 52篇 |
2016年 | 57篇 |
2015年 | 56篇 |
2014年 | 68篇 |
2013年 | 99篇 |
2012年 | 135篇 |
2011年 | 145篇 |
2010年 | 78篇 |
2009年 | 60篇 |
2008年 | 110篇 |
2007年 | 116篇 |
2006年 | 111篇 |
2005年 | 126篇 |
2004年 | 120篇 |
2003年 | 106篇 |
2002年 | 90篇 |
2001年 | 47篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 57篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2146条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Epirubicin is equivalent to adriamycin in vitro against many cancer cells but more effective against gastric cancer cells. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We compared the cytotoxic effects of two anthracycline derivatives, epirubicin (EPI) and adriamycin (ADM), against human tumor cells in vitro. Various tumor specimens, obtained at surgery, included 57 liver, 19 lung, 16 gastric, 10 colorectal and 7 breast cancer specimens. These tumor cells were exposed to the same concentration of EPI or ADM for 3 days. The chemosensitivity of each tumor cell type to each drug was then assayed using the in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test. Sensitivity to the treatment was defined as a 50% or greater reduction in the succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity of the tumor cells, relative to that of the control (untreated) cells. Each cell type, except for gastric cancer cells, was equally sensitive to EPI and ADM. Gastric cancer cells were more sensitive to EPI than to ADM (P less than 0.05). The rate of coincidence, the sum of the co-sensitive and co-resistant rates of all the tumors, was quite high (90.8%). Thus, these findings indicate that EPI and ADM are equally cytotoxic to each tumor cell type, but EPI is more cytotoxic than ADM to gastric cancer cells. Since EPI is reported to be less cardiotoxic than ADM, EPI may replace ADM in cancer chemotherapy. 相似文献
2.
Five latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps (LD flap) were used for reconstruction with prostheses after resection of tumors between 1984 and 1991 in our hospital. Bony structures were reconstructed with prostheses and in three cases autoclaved autobone grafts were also needed. The prostheses and adjacent grafts were then wrapped by the LD flaps. Tumor sites included one humerus, two thighs, and two knees. All but one case healed primarily. The sole case of infection was successfully treated with debridement and irrigation. Due to the LD flaps' plentiful blood supply, we believe infection of the prosthetics can be avoided and good clinical results can be achieved using the flap with autoclaved autograft prosthetic composite reconstruction. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
3.
Hongbo Zhai Emi Dika Marina Goldovsky Howard I. Maibach 《Skin research and technology》2007,13(2):207-210
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: If the occlusion time of a closed chamber evaporimeter on the skin is too long, saturation might occur. We previously compared an open chamber and a closed chamber device on healthy volunteers. Comparable data on stripped skin with higher evaporation rates are not available. This study compares the sensitivity and correlation of open and closed chamber devices in a tape-stripping human model. The amount of tape removed SC was also quantified with a protein assay method. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers (six male and four female; seven Caucasians and three Asian; mean age 38+/-16) were enrolled. In a randomized manner, one forearm was measured by an open chamber device and the opposite by a closed chamber device. After recording baseline measurements, 20 strippings were taken on each test site with tape disks. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured at the end of 10 and 20 tape strippings at each test site. Stratum corneum (SC) aggregates in the strips was assayed. RESULTS: The mean values obtained from two devices were similar after 10 trips and 20 strips. There was no statistically significant difference. The closed chamber device showed a slightly higher (but not significant) inter-individual coefficient of variation. SC aggregates in the strips were similar and without a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that both devices might yield similar TEWL values on stripped human skin in vivo. 相似文献
4.
Corneal topographic evaluation of retinal detachment surgery 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K Watanabe K Emi T Hamano S Danjo R Manabe N Maeda A Uni S Shirai R Yoshida 《Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi》1988,92(3):367-371
5.
Frequent loss of heterozygosity for loci on chromosome 8p in hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
M Emi Y Fujiwara T Nakajima E Tsuchiya H Tsuda S Hirohashi Y Maeda K Tsuruta M Miyaki Y Nakamura 《Cancer research》1992,52(19):5368-5372
Frequent loss of heterozygosity at chromosomal loci in a specific tumor type may indicate the presence of a tumor suppressor gene. We have examined loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 8p in paired tumor and constitutional DNA from 346 patients representing seven different types of human cancer. Frequent allelic losses were observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (22 of 46 cases, 47.8%), in colorectal cancer (12 of 26, 46.2%), and in non-small cell lung cancer (14 of 35, 40.0%), in contrast to low frequencies detected in breast cancer (5 of 56, 8.9%) and renal cell carcinoma (2 of 27, 7.4%). Ovarian cancer and gastric cancer showed intermediate frequencies of 33.3% and 22.2%. Subsequent analysis of 120 hepatocellular carcinomas and 94 colorectal cancers with five polymorphic markers along the short arm of chromosome 8 defined commonly deleted regions within the same chromosomal interval, 8p23. 1-8p21.3, suggesting that one or more tumor suppressor genes for both cancers may be present in that region. 相似文献
6.
H. Fujiwara M. Emi H. Nagai T. Nishimura N. Konishi Y. Kubota T. Ichikawa S. Takahashi T. Shuin T. Habuchi O. Ogawa K. Inoue M. H. Skolnick J. Swensen N. J. Camp S. V. Tavtigian 《Journal of human genetics》2002,47(12):0641-0648
The recently identified prostate cancer susceptibility gene ELAC2 (HPC2) harbors two common missense variants, a serine to leucine substitution at residue 217 (Leu217) and an alanine to threonine
substitution at residue 541 (Thr541). We genotyped the two variants in a Japanese cohort consisting of 350 prostate cancer
patients 242 male population controls, and 114 male low-risk controls. Both missense alleles, Leu217 and Thr541, were carried
at higher frequency in Japanese patients than in the controls (Leu217, P = 0.0012; Thr541, P = 0.0145), and the odds ratios associated with carrying these sequence variants were higher in Japanese than in Caucasians.
Although the Leu217 and Thr541 variants of ELAC2 are less common in Japanese than in Caucasians, both variants confer significantly increased risk of prostate cancer in Japanese.
Carriage of these variants was not associated with age at diagnosis, tumor stage, or tumor grade in these Japanese prostate
cancer patients. The allele-specific pattern of risk observed in Japanese and familial Caucasian patients was qualitatively
similar; however, the magnitude of that risk was considerably greater in Japanese than in Caucasians.
Received: September 3, 2002 / Accepted: October 2, 2002 相似文献
7.
Association of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene in patients of migraine with aura 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kowa H Fusayasu E Ijiri T Ishizaki K Yasui K Nakaso K Kusumi M Takeshima T Nakashima K 《Neuroscience letters》2005,374(2):129-131
Recently, several angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and an angiotensin II receptor blocker were demonstrated to have a clinically important prophylactic effect in migraine. ACE is one of the key enzymes in the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which modulates vascular tension and blood pressure. In humans, serum ACE levels are strongly genetically determined. Individuals who were homozygous for the deletion (D) allele showed increased ACE activity levels. To investigate the role of ACE polymorphism in headache, we analyzed the ACE insertion (I)/deletion (D) genotypes of 54 patients suffering from migraine with aura (MwA), 122 from migraine without aura, 78 from tension-type headache (TH), and 248 non-headache healthy controls. The ACE D allele were significantly more frequent in the MwA than controls (p<0.01). The incidence of the D/D genotype in MwA (25.9%) was significantly higher than that in controls (12.5%; p<0.01; odds ratio=5.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.69-16.34, adjusted for age and gender). No differences in the remaining groups were found. Our results support the conclusion that the D allele and the D/D genotype in the ACE gene is a genetic risk factor for Japanese MwA. There seems to be a possible relationship between ACE activity and the pathogenesis of migraine. 相似文献
8.
Ikuyo Watanabe Kazuhiro Tsukamoto Tadayoshi Shiba M. Emi 《Journal of human genetics》1998,43(1):75-76
Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an 84-residue, vitamin K-dependent protein expressed by chondrocytes and vascular smooth muscle
cells, and is a potent regulator of calcium deposition in cartilage and arterial wall. We isolated a polymorphic dinucleotide
CA repeat marker from a genomic clone containing the human MGP gene. This polymorphism will be useful in genetic studies of arteriosclerosis and osteoporosis.
Received: November 5, 1997 / Accepted November 27, 1997 相似文献
9.
Shinohara Y Ezura Y Iwasaki H Nakazawa I Ishida R Nakajima T Kodaira M Kajita M Shiba T Emi M 《Annals of human biology》2002,29(5):579-583
BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is an essential regulator of immune responses and is implicated to relate to several types of disease susceptibilities. Population information on polymorphisms is essential for the study of genetic diseases. AIM: To obtain accurate information about single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNFalpha gene in the Japanese population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The entire TNFalpha gene was screened for SNPs by directly sequencing 48 chromosomes derived from 24 unrelated Japanese individuals. Allele frequencies of each polymorphism were determined and compared with those previously reported in other populations. RESULTS: Three SNPs, -308G/A at nt -308, IVS1 + 125G/A at nt 492 and IVS3 + 104G/A at nt 1359 were observed, of which one (IVS3 + 104G/A at nt 1359) was novel. In addition, allele frequencies of -308G/A were remarkably different from those presented in the NCBI dbSNP, indicating a significant ethnic difference. CONCLUSIONS: The polymorphisms and allele frequencies obtained in this study will be useful for genetic studies of common diseases such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis in the Japanese population. 相似文献
10.
Association of bone mineral density with a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the calcitonin (CT) locus 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Miyao M Hosoi T Emi M Nakajima T Inoue S Hoshino S Shiraki M Orimo H Ouchi Y 《Journal of human genetics》2000,45(6):346-350
Calcitonin (CT), a calcium-regulating hormone, lowers the calcium level in serum by inhibiting bone resorption. Because CT
may play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, genetic variations in or adjacent to the CT gene may be associated with variations in bone mineral density (BMD). The present study examined the correlation between
a dinucleotide (cytosine-adenine; CA) repeat polymorphism at the CT locus and BMD in 311 Japanese postmenopausal women (mean age, 64.1 years). Seven alleles were present in this population;
each allele contained 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 CA repeats. Thus, we designated the respective genotypes A10, A11, A16,
A17, A18, A19, and A20. The A10 and A17 alleles were the predominant alleles in the population studied. Z scores (a parameter
representing deviation from the age-specific weight-adjusted average BMD) were compared between individuals that possessed
one or two alleles of each genotype and those that did not possess the allele. Subjects who possessed one or two A10 alleles
had lower BMD Z scores than those who did not (lumbar 2–4 BMD Z score; −0.148 ± 1.23 vs 0.182 ± 1.54; P = 0.04). No significant relationships were observed between allelic status and background data or biochemical parameters.
The significant association observed between BMD and genetic variations at the CT locus implies that polymorphism at this locus may be a useful marker for the genetic study of osteoporosis.
Received: August 10, 2000 / Accepted: September 6, 2000 相似文献